Englisch LK Abitur-Karteikarten | Quizlet

American Dream

- An American ideal of a happy, successful life, which often includes wealth, a house, a better life for one's children

- You can achieve whatever you want with enough work

melting pot (dream)

- creation of a new America out of different nations of people from all over the world by „melting" together

Salad bowl (reality)

- different cultures stay on their own like the ingredients of a salad

- NewYork -> China town, Little Italy, German clubs...

myth of American dream

- for everyone

- freedom (religious)

- equality

- opportunities(scholarships)

- success

- democracy

- pursuit of happiness

- upward mobility

-> everyone can achieve their dreams by hard work

Reality of American dream

- discrimination

- social inequality -> gap rich and poor

- rich rule over poor

- police violence (George Floyd)

- racism

- expensive education

- high unemployment

dreams of American dream

Personal

- Freedom

- happiness

- self-fulfillment

economic

- prosperity

- success

- no poverty

social

- equality

- classless society

- democracy

religious

- religious freedom in a „promised" land

Symbols of the American Dream

Declearation of indepence

- focus on human rights and equality of all -> democracy and freedom as consequences

- 1776: equality didn't apply to women and black peoples

- a model to cop by people and governments

Statue of Liberty

- given by France 1886 to celebrate 100 years of American independence from Britain

- freedom symbol

Uncle Sam

- represents the US Nation and positive national self-image

- clothes with „stars and stripes"

- national arrogance

history of the American dream

Revolutionary War

- 1775 - 1783

- american colonies fought for independence and got independent through France help

slavery

- 18th century: import of 6-7 million enslaved people

- critics since 16th century

- end of slavery 1865

civil rights movement

- Rosa parks: bus boycott -> refused to leave her seat for a while passenger

- Dr. Martin Luther king -> organized protests, speech: „I have a dream"

- Malcom X -> supporter of black nationalism, black nationalist group identified white people as the devil

Britishness

- national identity is shaped by complex shared heritage that is developing continuously

- British identity has individual Identities of England, Northern Ireland and Wales combined

- British identity is about flexibility and fluidity

Monarchy

- king or queen (symbol) and (head)

- oldest form of government

- king or queen resides with an elected parliament

Pro and Cons of Monarchy

Pro:

- united the Uk

- Tradition is preserved, culture

- supports the economy (tourism)

- majority of the society want to keep it part of the government -> 68% of Britain

Cons:

- outdated: no elections, not democratic

- financed by taxes

- they cost more than they bring

- scandals

- no place in equal society

From Empire to Commonwealth

- since 16th century Britain had established colonies all over the world

- at some point in history biggest colonial empire in the world

- 1931 the commonwealth of nations was founded

-> consists of 54 countries

Multiculturalism in Britain

- 16th century massive rise of immigration

- racism among population grew

- 1970s -> new rules restricting immigration and making discrimination illegal

- efforts to integrate ethnic minorities but also restrict immigration

Pros and cons of multiculturalism in Britain

Pros:

• Cultural diversity: Rich mix of food, music, festivals, and traditions.

• Innovation & creativity: Different perspectives boost ideas and business.

• Global connections: Strong ties to various parts of the world.

Cons:

• Social tensions: Sometimes leads to misunderstanding or conflict.

• Integration challenges: Some communities may remain isolated.

• Pressure on services: Increased demand on housing, schools, and healthcare.

Colonialism in Africa

- 19th Century: Europeans holding sway over most Africa

- 1860s: the British ruled Nigeria: people in these regions had to submit to the rule

- not only for economic and military purposes but also missionary activities

Nigeria: pre-colonial

Pre-colonial Nigeria

- ethnic minorities: Yoruba (west), Fulani and Hausa (north), Igbo (south-west) -> rivalry (different religious beliefs)

- societies had their own systems of governance, trade, religion, and culture.

- Trade (especially in gold, salt, and later slaves) flourished internally and with Europe and North Africa.

Nigeria: colonial

Colonial Nigeria:

- The British officially took control in 1900.

- In 1914, they merged the northern and southern protectorates to form modern Nigeria.

- The British ruled through indirect rule, using traditional leaders to control people.

- Focus shifted to resource extraction (like palm oil, tin, and later oil).

Independence of Nigeria and religious conflicts

- Nigeria gained independence in 1960

- 1966: massacre of Igbo black to their homeland in the south east

- 1967: breakaway from Nigeria of the Igbo region „republic of Biafra"

-> after Civil war: reintegration into Nigeria

- no Gouvernement could overcome the hostilities

Boko Haram

- a radical Islamic group (northern Nigeria)

- wants the establishment of an Islamic state

- wants to forbid western education

- 2014: kidnapped 276 girls from boarding school

- 2015: controlled many Nigerian states -> lost territory to Nigerian solideres

- has been involved in 30.000 killings in the last decade

- big attention in social media #bringbackourgirls

Challenges and potential Nigeria

Challenges:

- Extreme poverty

- ethnic religious conflicts

- terrorism

- growing population -> can't provide enough jobs -> many people leave

- poor infrastructure

- corruption and violence

Potentials:

- largest economic Africa -> many natural resources

- young population -> good for work

- international -> nearly everyone speaks English

Utopia

- a utopia is an imaginary and indefinitely remote place of ideal perfection especially in laws, government, and social conditions.

- everything seems perfect

- people live in peace and harmony

- no hunger, no war, no oppression

- human rights are preserved

- medical and technological advances affect life positively

- society based on uniformity

-> too good to be true

Dystopia

- imaginary place where people lead dehumanized and often fearful lives; an imaginary place or state where everything is as bad as it possibly can be: or a description of such a place.

- loss of privacy, much surveillance

- destruction and poor living conditions

- loss of individuality and freedom

- no free access to information

- political systems with oppression of citizens

- existence of a caste system

- a protagonist who questions the system and tries to escape

genetic engineering

- Process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms

- dehumanization

- inequality -> initially available to privileged, could divide our generation even more

- possible for abuse

- possibility for accidents and discrimination of „imperfect people"

- requires human testing

- surveillance, data collection

Work-life

- Gleichgewicht zwischen Berufs und Privatleben

- Einfluss auf Gesundheit, Produktivität und allgemeine Lebensqualität

- 9 to 5, Remote work, freelancing, gig economy (uber, kurzfristiges arbeiten)

Chinese 996

- Von 9 bis 9 Uhr arbeiten und das 6 mal die Woche

• Long hours lead to burnout, stress, anxiety, and chronic health issues.

• There have been reported cases of death from overwork (known as "guolaosi").

2. Work-Life Balance

• Employees have little to no time for family, social life, or rest.

• It harms mental health and reduces overall life satisfaction.

3. Legality

• Critics argue 996 violates China's labor laws, which limit the workweek to 44 hours with overtime protections.

• Courts have ruled against companies enforcing it, but enforcement is still weak.

4. Productivity Myth

• Overwork doesn't always mean better results; many say 996 leads to inefficiency and low morale.

5. Generational Resistance

• Young workers (especially Gen Z) are pushing back with trends like "lying flat" (躺平) and "quiet quitting" to reject hustle culture.

Working / studying abroad

- getting personal insight in other cultures

- improving foreign language skills

- personal development: self confident

- improving career opportunities

- benefits for employees

Visions of working life nowadays

Pros:

- more jobs

- Technology can take over easy tasks (automation)

- international collaboration

Cons:

- constant competition

- constantly having to adapt and learn new aspects

- technologies are cheaper and more efficient than employees -> job loss

Versions:

- working from home

- 9 to 9 (Chinese system)

Identity and Gender

- Gender: how you feel

- sex: what's between your legs (biological)

stereotypes

- an accepted image of a group, person or object which isn't always accurate

- cause unequal treatments

- women: emotional, polite, has to stay home, care for food and children, clean the house

- men = loud, strong, confident, brings home the money and bacon, deals with finances and repairs objects

Roles

Roles have shifted over time, people are more open and that you don't have to follow sterotypes