micro bio quiz 2

tetrads

tetrads

colonies grow together in squares

Phylum Actinobacteria

soil organism g(+)

long branching filaments

streptomyces

Phylum Actinobacteria & non-pathogenic

Source of many antibiotics so other bacteria don’t eat their food in the soil

Similar to fungi

Phytopathogen

cornybacteria

Phylum Actinobacteria & pathogenic

Causes Dipitheria

Dipitheria

Upper Respiratory

Rare because of vaccine

Produces toxins that inhibit protein synthesis

mycobacteria

Phylum Actinobacteria

Acid Fast & Facultative Anaerobe

Causes chronic diseases:

• Tuberculosis

• Leprosy

Leprosy

Invades mucous membrane of upper respiratory tract

Inflamed lymph nodes

Acid-Fast bacteria

Has Lipid layer

Slow growing

Actinomyces Naeslundii

peridontal disease/Cavities

Colonize in the mouth

Phytopathogen

Cause disease to plants

EX: Scabies- potato pathogen

bifidiobacteria

Phylum Actinobacteria & anaerobic

used as probiotics

Numbers decline with age

Frankia

Phylum Actinobacteria

Nitrogen-fixing- turns N into ammonia or nitrate so plants can use it

Phylum Bacteriodetes

anaerobic

Live in intestine & oportunistic

Help break down food- part of fecal matter

Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis

Bacterial growth in pouches

Inflammation of colon

Bacteriodetes fragillus

Phylum Bacteriodetes

Resistant to antibiotics

Breakdown macromolecules (Starches and Pectin)

Phylum Clamidea

Cant make their own ATP

Require presents of growing human cells

Clamidea trachomatis

Phylum Clamidea

Common STD- curable with antibiotics

Leading cause of blindness (Trachomma)

Clamidea psittac

Phylum Clamidea

Causes Pneumonia in parrots

Zoonosis

Zoonosis

A disease that is normally found in animals but can be transmitted to humans

Clamidea Growth Cycle

1. Elementary bodies- infectious and has spores

2. Taken up by phagocytes

3. Germinates into non-infectious reticular bodies

Phylum Cyanobacteria

Photosynthetic & Aquatic

Oldest known Fossils

Blue/ Green algae causes blooms (overgrow) in lakes that are high in nutrients

Phylum Firmicutes

A large and diverse group of bacteria

Bacillus

Phylum Firmicutes

Catalase positive

May produce endospores

Catalase +

converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen

Neosporin

triple antibiotic

overuse can cause resistance

neomycin- prevents the bacterial synthesis

Bacillus thuringenis

(BT) Plant Pest Control

GMO

Bacillus Anthracis

Anthrax

Soil Organism

Biological Warfare use

Cutaneous- easy to treat w antibiotic

Pulmonary- flu-like and hard to treat

enterotoxin

a toxin that targets the intestine

Bacillus Ceres

Food poisoning & Soil organism

2 types of food poisoning

Heat stable and liable

Heat Stable food poisoning

Can survive in high temps

Cells grow in food- even cooked

Causes vomiting

Heat Liable food poisoning

Enterotoxin

Toxin produce in the stomach after bacteria is ingested

No spores/ cant transmit

Listeria monocytogenes

Bacillus

Listeriosis- Contamination of dairy products

• Grows intercellularly

Staphlococcus

Grows in high NaCl concentration (sweat)

Staphlococcus Aureus

harmless on the skin- can cause wound infections

off white/ yellow colonies

coagulates with blood plasma

MRSA

Antibiotic resistance

Staphlococcus epidermidis

on human skin

Biofilm present on plastic surfaces

• Cathaders and implants

Coagulace (-)

Selective Media

Encourages growth of certain bacteria and inhibits others

Differential Media

Chemical causes an observable change (color) as a reaction to pH change

MSA

Momitol (sugar) Salt Agar

Selective- only bacteria that survive in high salt concentrations can survive

Differential- momitol fermenting staphylococci (yellow acid)

Clostridales

spore-forming

obligate aneraobes

soil & intestines

Clostridales Tetani

spores go in open wound and release an exotoxin that blocks the release of NT

Leads to a continuous muscle contraction

• EX: lock jaw

Serious wounda cabn be treated w immunoglobulins

In CNS

Immunoglobulins

Preformed anitbiotics

Clostridales Botulism

most potent toxin known

causes sickness- not infection & muscle paralysis

botulism

botox

In PNS

Botulism

Caused by home canned food

Clostridales perfinges

gas gangrene & food poisoning

Gas Gangrene

Spores go into places with pore circulation (feet)

Forms bubbles in tissues

Treated with amputation and hyperbolic O2 because theyre anaerobes

Epulopiscium Fishelson

Largest Eucobacteria- can be seen with naked eye

Gut of surgeon fish

rhuminococcus

cows stomach

digest cellulose- with cellulase

lactobacillus

Produces lactic acid- by fermentation of glucose

Makes yogurt and buttermilk

Normal Microflora- inhibits growth of pathogens

L. accidophillus

produces an acid to inhibit growth of yeast

Keeps a low pH

Can grow in mouth- the acid will cause cavities

L Casei

prebiotic

produces amylase- digests starch

improves digestion and improves milk tolarance

L. Bulgarius

Yogurt- Streptococcus gives it flavor

Entrococcus

facultative anaerobe- can survive high temps

causes UTI’s

Resistant to antibiotic

non-hemolytic

nosocomial- hospital aquired

Streptococcus

no spores, anaerobes, normal on animals

3 types

A) Pyogenes

(GAS)

Strep Throat

Beta hemolytic

B) pneumoniae

dipoloccus

pneumococcal pneumonia

alpha hemoplytic

C) Strep

non- pathogenic

S. Mutants- Cavities

Alpha Hemolysis

Partial hemolysis of RBC(Some break down)

Produces green color

Beta Hemolysis

breakdown of hemoglobin (red color)

Causes clear zones around colonies

RBS break down

Gamma hemolysis

No hemolysis

mycoplasma

lack cell wall

slow growth

Walking pneumonia

PLylum Proteobacteria

1/3 of all bacteria

4 groups based off of rRNA sequence

Rickettia

they escape from phagosomes and replicate in cytoplasm

carried by ticks

spotted fever (rash)

thypus (necrotic)- eats at tissue