Birmingham Structural economic change

What was birmingham like prior to the industrial revolution?

The de Birmingham family bought a royal charter in 1166 allowing them to hold a market church allowed them to build a market and parish church based town consisting of about 6 streets

Industrial revolution in birmingham

Mathew Boulton was key player as he established the world’s first factory in 1761 which employed 700 people and acted as a driving force in the towns economic development

Due to this the 19th century experienced immense growth of the brass, jewelery and gun industry

How did cadbury influence birmingham in industrial revolution

Built a bourneville model village with housing, parks and recreational facilities

Provided their workers with a safe, sanitary and less crowded place to ;ive compared to their previous houses

how did birminghams population grow from 1801→ 1901?

73000 in 1801 → 500,000 in 1901

What was the governments role in redeveloping Birmingham? (EU funds)

It actively promoted the city region, attracting inward investment to bring about the construction of the National Exhibition Centre (NEC) and the expansion of the adjacent Birmingham Airport. Both attract the international conference and exhibition market, bringing investment to Birmingham.

The City Challenge and the Single Regeneration Budget were designed to help places access funding for redevelopment.

The Birmingham Heartlands Development Corporation was established in 1992 to bring regeneration to old industrial areas such as Nechells.

In 1992, the New Deal for Communities (NDCs) scheme provided broadband access in parts of the inner city and set up work experience programmes to try to improve employment opportunities.

European and International affairs team of the city council secured £235 million from EU between 2014-2020. However post brexit, new sources are being found like UK shared prosperity fund

Role of flagship developments for Birmingham regeneration ( bull ring, millennium point)

• Bullring Shopping Centre redeveloped in the 1960s and is the biggest shopping centre in the uk, cost £530M, created 8,000 new jobs and attracted 35 million visitors in the first year

• Opening of national exhibition centre in 1976on greenbelt land near airport attracts visitors form abroad for conferences

• Millennium point opened in 2002 cost £114 and is home to Birmingham conservoire and auditorium. It is an events venue, meeting place, landlord and is near 3 main train stations. This also attracts foreign visitors for conferences

How do universities help with Birmingham redevelopment?

Combined student population of 50,000 creating a young profile employing lots of people

Students provide a good marketplace for goods and services

What is the role of transport in Birmingham regeneration?

• New street train station cost £700 million and has many retailers, providing 1000 new jobs

• HS2 flagship development connecting London and Birmingham- £20 billion, involving many players like the government, TNCs, banks, community groups, NGOs like national trust. It will bring socioeconomic change and stimulate growth in the city as it is just 50 minutes from london

Role of improving environment in Birmingham regeneration

• streets pedestrianlised with benches, bushes and trees

• Players like the Canal and river trust -2012- oversee the canal system to make it more appealing and safer