Ceutics quiz 1.3

Why amorphous solids dissolve faster

They have higher free energy and less structural order

Why crystalline solids dissolve slower

Highly ordered lattice → lower free energy → harder to disrupt

Effect of metastable

Stable polymorph conversion = reduced bioavailability

Polymorphic conversion is what type of instability?

Physical instability

Strong IMF effect on vapor pressure?

Lower vapor pressure

Strong IMF effect on boiling point?

Higher boiling point

Solution with lowest freezing point

More particles (Mg²⁺ + 2Cl⁻) = strongest freezing point depression

Solution with highest boiling point

More dissolved particles (1.0M CaCl2) = biggest boiling point elevation

Adding a nonvolatile solute to a solvent?

Decreases freezing point

Which is NOT a colligative property?

Surface tension

Solution with highest osmotic pressure (same molarity)

Electrolytes produce more particles

Chemical instability

Breaking or making chemical bonds

Physical instability

Changes in physical form without breaking bonds

Examples of chemical instability

Hydrolysis, oxidation, photodegradation

Examples of physical instability

Polymorphic conversion, crystallization

What is London Dispersion Forces (Induced Dipole–Induced Dipole)?

Two non-polar molecules attracted to each other

What is Dipole‑Induced Dipole?

A polar and non-polar molecule’s attraction to each other

What is Dipole–Dipole?

Two polar molecules attract each other

What is Hydrogen Bonding?

Stronger version of dipole-dipole where Hydrogen is bonded to F,O,N

What is Ion-Dipole?

An ion and poler molecule’s attraction to each other

What is Ionic bonding?

Two ions attracted to each other