TERM | Cardiovascular System

Valve

valv/o, valvul/o

Pulse

sphygm/o

Chest

steth/o

Vessel

angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

Veins

phleb/o, ven/o, ven/I

cardiac apex

narrow tip of the heart.

apical

pointed end of cone shaped part

septum

dividing wall

coron/o

heart

Arterial anastomosis

connection between arteries

Diastole

occurs when the ventricle walls relax. The tricuspid and mitral valves opens.

Systole

occurs when ventricle walls contract. The tricuspid and mitral valves close. The pulmonary and aortic valves opens.

Lubb

associated with the closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves at the beginning of the systole.

Dubb

associated with the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves at the end of systole.

Stethoscope

An instrument to listen or to auscultate sounds within the chest

Systolic pressure

occurs when ventricles contract

highest pressure

Diastolic pressure

occurs when ventricles relax

the lowest pressure

ECG

The record used to detect the electrical changes in the heart

P wave

contraction of the atria

QRS complex

contraction of the ventricles

T wave

relaxation of the ventricles

Cardiac arrhythmia (dysrhythmia)

Irregularity or loss of normal rhythm of heartbeat

Palpitation

Subjective experience of feeling rapid heartbeat

Fibrillation

Very rapid, random, inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart

Atherosclerosis

Accumulation of fatty deposits in arterial wall

Ather/o

plaque (yellowish)

Ischemia

A decreased blood flow to tissue, caused by constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel.

Isch/o

to hold back

Infarct:

A localized area of necrosis (tissue death) caused by interruption of blood supply.

Myocardial infarction

heart attack. It means death of the heart tissue.

Valvulitis:

Inflammation of valve.

Mitral or Aortic valve prolapse

Protrusion of the mitral or aortic valve causing improper closure.

Mitral or Aortic valve stenosis

mitral or aortic valve narrowing.

CHF

Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood.

Pulmonary edema

Fluid accumulation in the lungs.

Cardiogenic shock

Inadequate circulation of blood due to primary failure of the ventricles of heart to function effectively

Aneurysm

Widening, bulging of the wall of an artery caused by congenital defect or acquired weakness

Varicose veins

Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs.

Varicosity

one area of swelling

Angiospasm

Contraction of blood vessel.

Angiostenosis

Narrowing of blood vessel.

Hemangioma

Tumor (benign) of blood vessel

(newly formed)

Deep Vein thrombosis (DVT)

Blood clot forms in the large vein.

embol/o

something inserted

Foreign object

Embolism

Condition of Blockage of a vessel by an embolus

Vasoconstriction

narrowing of a vessel

Polyarteritis:

Inflammation of several arteries

venipuncture

incision of a vein

intravenous

administered into, a vein

Phlebitis

Inflammation of a vein

Myxoma

A benign tumor from mucoid connective tissue most frequently occurring in the left atrium

Patent

open

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

When the aorta and pulmonary artery are abnormally connected after birth.

Coarctation of the aorta

narrowing of the aorta

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

balloon angioplasty

A small balloon on the end of a catheter is used to open a partially blocked artery by flattening the plaque deposit

Coronary artery bypass grafting

Arteries and veins are anastomosed surgically to coronary arteries to detour around blockage.

Endarterectomy

Surgical removal of the lining of an artery that is clogged with plaque.