Plants

Binomial Nomenclature

Two-part naming system: Genus (caps) + species (lowercase).

The 7 Taxa (in order)

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Dichotomous Key

Tool for identifying organisms using 'either/or' choices.

Phylogeny

The evolutionary history/relationships of a species.

3 Domains (Woese)

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Pathogen

Any agent (virus/bacteria/fungi) that causes disease.

Antibiotics

Medicine that kills bacteria only; useless against viruses.

Lytic Cycle

Virus hijacks cell and bursts it immediately.

Lysogenic Cycle

Viral DNA hides in host DNA for a long time.

Bacteriophage

A 'moon-lander' shaped virus that infects bacteria.

Prion vs. Viroid

Prion = infectious protein. Viroid = infectious RNA loop.

Endosymbiosis

Theory that eukaryotes formed from prokaryotes living inside each other.

Cilia vs. Flagella

Cilia = many tiny hairs (Paramecium). Flagella = long tail (Euglena).

Fungi Cell Walls

Made of Chitin. (Plants use cellulose).

Mycorrhizae

Mutualism where fungi help plant roots get water.

Xylem

Tubes that carry water UP from roots.

Phloem

Tubes that carry sugar (food) around the plant.

Gymnosperms

'Naked seeds' usually found in cones.

Angiosperms

Flowering plants; seeds are protected by fruits.

Stomata & Guard Cells

Stomata = leaf pores. Guard cells = open/close them.

Monocot Leaves vs. Dicot Leaves

Monocot = Parallel veins. Dicot = Branched/Netted veins.

Monocot Flowers vs. Dicot Flowers

Monocot = Parts in 3s. Dicot = Parts in 4s or 5s.

Monocot Stems vs. Dicot Stems

Monocot = Scattered bundles. Dicot = Ring arrangement.