Strayer, Ways of the World Chapter 2 Test

About 12,000 years ago a new global pattern of human life started to unfold as humankind began

deliberately to cultivate plants.

tame and breed wild animals.

Agriculture developed separately and independently in

sub-saharan Africa

The warming period at the end of the last Ice Age helped make agriculture possible by

permitting cereal grasses to flourish.

Which of the following was NOT an outcome of domestication?

The impact of human beings on the environment declined.

The development of agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa differed from the development of agriculture in southwestern Asia in which of the following ways?

In sub-Saharan Africa crops were domesticated in a greater variety of environments.

Which of the following was NOT a challenge to the establishment of agriculture in the Americas as compared to the Afro-Eurasian world?

the lack of other crops with which to supplement a diet of maize

Compared to the Americas, the domestication of animals in southwestern Asia made it easier

to fertilize fields.

to develop plow technology.

to rely less on hunting and fishing.

The spread of agriculture through diffusion and migration

resulted in the spread of language groups.

Gatherer-hunter societies most often succeeded in resisting the encroachment of agricultural societies in which of the following environments?

arctic environments

desert environments

regions of particular natural abundance

Early agricultural people

suffered from deadly diseases caught from domesticated animals.

Which of the following technologies was NOT first developed by Neolithic peoples?

stone axes & scrapers

The "secondary product revolution"

involved new uses for domesticated animals.

The Agricultural Revolution

resulted in significant technological developments.

Agricultural village societies

were usually organized in terms of kinship groups or lineages.

Which of the following statements is NOT true of chiefdoms?

The Igbo and the Tiv of West Africa were organized as chiefdoms.

The unique feature of the chiefdom (as compared to a stateless agricultural village) that was replicated, elaborated, and assumed to be natural in all later states and civilizations was

the distinction between elite and commoner based on birth.

The Agricultural Revolution resulted in

the growing power of humans over many other species of plants and animals.

greater social distinctions between people than before.

an unprecedented increase in the human population.

Pastoral societies differed from agricultural village societies in all of the following ways EXCEPT

pastoral societies benefited from exchanges with agricultural societies, but agricultural societies did not benefit from exchanges with their pastoral counterparts.

Diffusion

refers to the gradual spread of the techniques of agriculture, and perhaps the plants and animals themselves, without the extensive movement of agricultural people.

Domestication

refers to the taming and changing of plants and animals by humans.