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Cultural Iceberg
The bottom part of the iceberg represents things we can't see but make a difference in a culture.
Material Culture
Visible aspects of a culture that can be seen and observed.
Non-Material Culture
Aspects of a culture that are not visible but become apparent as you delve into different cultures.
Lingua Franca
A common language used for communication among speakers of different native languages, such as English.
Acculturation
The process where a cultural group undergoes significant change due to the influence of a more dominant culture, leading to the adoption of characteristics from the dominant culture.
Multiculturalism
The theory that different cultures can coexist harmoniously, often referred to as the melting pot theory.
Assimilation
The process where the original culture is lost, as seen with native cultures adapting to a dominant culture.
Ethnocentrism
The belief that one's own culture is superior to others, also known as cultural relativism.
Folk Culture
Self-sustaining cultures rooted in tradition and slow to change, often found in isolated, rural, or indigenous communities.
Popular Culture
Culture that spreads quickly, often homogenizing and originating in urban areas and media.
Christian Church
Symbols in Christianity represent persons or religious ideas, aiding in educating non-readers. For instance, the lion symbolizes St. Mark, the key St. Peter, and a blue veil Mary.
Mosques
Arabic words stem from three-letter roots like S-L-M, seen in Muslim, Salaam (peace), and Islam. Muslims avoid depicting Mohammed in art.
Buddhism
Mandala serves a purpose in meditation and represents the universe. Buddhist temples house items like incense, statues of Buddha, prayer wheels, and scriptures.
Judaism
The flame symbolizes the eternal light in Jewish temples. Other items include the Ark, Menorah, and Torah scrolls.
Hinduism
Inside a Hindu Temple, you may see colorful deities, intricate carvings, incense, bells, and devotees performing rituals.
Rwandan Genocide
The mass slaughter of Tutsi and moderate Hutu in Rwanda in 1994, resulting in an estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 deaths over 100 days.
Ethnic tensions
Strained relations between different ethnic groups, such as the Tutsi and Hutu populations in Rwanda, often fueled by historical grievances and discrimination.
Belgian rule
Period when Rwanda was under colonial control by Belgium, which influenced and deepened the divide between the Tutsi and Hutu populations.
Commemoration
The act of remembering and honoring an event, like the Rwandan Genocide, often through ceremonies, memorials, and reflection.
Reconciliation
The process of restoring friendly relations between individuals or groups, as seen in Rwanda's efforts to heal and unite its divided population after the genocide.
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