AP Human Geography Notebook.docx

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Geography

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20 Terms

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Cultural Iceberg

The bottom part of the iceberg represents things we can't see but make a difference in a culture.

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Material Culture

Visible aspects of a culture that can be seen and observed.

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Non-Material Culture

Aspects of a culture that are not visible but become apparent as you delve into different cultures.

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Lingua Franca

A common language used for communication among speakers of different native languages, such as English.

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Acculturation

The process where a cultural group undergoes significant change due to the influence of a more dominant culture, leading to the adoption of characteristics from the dominant culture.

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Multiculturalism

The theory that different cultures can coexist harmoniously, often referred to as the melting pot theory.

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Assimilation

The process where the original culture is lost, as seen with native cultures adapting to a dominant culture.

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Ethnocentrism

The belief that one's own culture is superior to others, also known as cultural relativism.

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Folk Culture

Self-sustaining cultures rooted in tradition and slow to change, often found in isolated, rural, or indigenous communities.

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Popular Culture

Culture that spreads quickly, often homogenizing and originating in urban areas and media.

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Christian Church

Symbols in Christianity represent persons or religious ideas, aiding in educating non-readers. For instance, the lion symbolizes St. Mark, the key St. Peter, and a blue veil Mary.

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Mosques

Arabic words stem from three-letter roots like S-L-M, seen in Muslim, Salaam (peace), and Islam. Muslims avoid depicting Mohammed in art.

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Buddhism

Mandala serves a purpose in meditation and represents the universe. Buddhist temples house items like incense, statues of Buddha, prayer wheels, and scriptures.

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Judaism

The flame symbolizes the eternal light in Jewish temples. Other items include the Ark, Menorah, and Torah scrolls.

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Hinduism

Inside a Hindu Temple, you may see colorful deities, intricate carvings, incense, bells, and devotees performing rituals.

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Rwandan Genocide

The mass slaughter of Tutsi and moderate Hutu in Rwanda in 1994, resulting in an estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 deaths over 100 days.

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Ethnic tensions

Strained relations between different ethnic groups, such as the Tutsi and Hutu populations in Rwanda, often fueled by historical grievances and discrimination.

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Belgian rule

Period when Rwanda was under colonial control by Belgium, which influenced and deepened the divide between the Tutsi and Hutu populations.

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Commemoration

The act of remembering and honoring an event, like the Rwandan Genocide, often through ceremonies, memorials, and reflection.

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Reconciliation

The process of restoring friendly relations between individuals or groups, as seen in Rwanda's efforts to heal and unite its divided population after the genocide.