S3.2.6 Classification

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13 Terms

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Primary Alcohol

Carbon bonded to -OH is attached to one alkyl group.

Example: Propan-1-ol.

Classified by counting carbon neighbors of the -OH carbon.

<p>Carbon bonded to -OH is attached to one alkyl group. </p><p>Example: Propan-1-ol. </p><p>Classified by counting carbon neighbors of the -OH carbon.</p>
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Secondary Alcohol

Carbon bonded to -OH is attached to two alkyl groups.

Example: Propan-2-ol.

Identify by checking carbon's neighbors.

<p>Carbon bonded to -OH is attached to two alkyl groups. </p><p>Example: Propan-2-ol. </p><p>Identify by checking carbon's neighbors.</p>
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Tertiary Alcohol

Carbon bonded to -OH is attached to three alkyl groups.

Example: 2-methylpropan-2-ol.

More substituted center carbon.

<p>Carbon bonded to -OH is attached to three alkyl groups. </p><p>Example: 2-methylpropan-2-ol. </p><p>More substituted center carbon.</p>
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Primary Haloalkane

Carbon bonded to halogen is attached to one other carbon.

Example: 1-chloropropane.

Look at the halogen-bearing carbon's neighbors.

<p>Carbon bonded to halogen is attached to one other carbon.</p><p>Example: 1-chloropropane.</p><p>Look at the halogen-bearing carbon's neighbors.</p>
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Secondary Haloalkane

Carbon bonded to halogen is attached to two other carbons.

Example: 2-chloropropane.

Classification based on bonded carbon count.

<p>Carbon bonded to halogen is attached to two other carbons.</p><p>Example: 2-chloropropane. </p><p>Classification based on bonded carbon count.</p>
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Tertiary Haloalkane

Carbon bonded to halogen is attached to three other carbons.

Example: 2-chloro-2-methylpropane.

Most substituted center.

<p>Carbon bonded to halogen is attached to three other carbons.</p><p>Example: 2-chloro-2-methylpropane. </p><p>Most substituted center.</p>
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Primary Amine

Nitrogen bonded to one carbon group.

Example: Propanamine.

Count the carbon groups directly attached to nitrogen.

<p>Nitrogen bonded to one carbon group. </p><p>Example: Propanamine. </p><p>Count the carbon groups directly attached to nitrogen.</p>
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Secondary Amine

Nitrogen bonded to two carbon groups.

Example: N-methylpropanamine.

Identified by two carbon substituents on N.

<p>Nitrogen bonded to two carbon groups. </p><p>Example: N-methylpropanamine. </p><p>Identified by two carbon substituents on N.</p>
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Tertiary Amine

Nitrogen bonded to three carbon groups.

Example: N,N-dimethylpropanamine.

Fully substituted nitrogen center.

<p>Nitrogen bonded to three carbon groups. </p><p>Example: N,N-dimethylpropanamine. </p><p>Fully substituted nitrogen center.</p>
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Structural isomer

Same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms.

Different structural formulas.

Types: chain, position, functional group.

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Chain isomerism

Isomers differ in carbon chain structure.

Straight-chain vs branched-chain.

Example: pentane vs 2-methylbutane.

<p>Isomers differ in carbon chain structure. </p><p>Straight-chain vs branched-chain. </p><p>Example: pentane vs 2-methylbutane.</p>
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Position isomerism

Same functional group, different positions on chain.

Example: hex-1-ene vs hex-2-ene vs hex-3-ene.

<p>Same functional group, different positions on chain. </p><p>Example: hex-1-ene vs hex-2-ene vs hex-3-ene.</p>
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Functional group isomerism

Isomers have different functional groups.

Example: propanol (aldehyde) vs propanone (ketone).

<p>Isomers have different functional groups. </p><p>Example: propanol (aldehyde) vs propanone (ketone).</p>