Adult Nursing Theory Test 2 (SAQ)

Meningitis

Inflammation of the coverings (meninges) of the brain and spinal cord, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.

Types of Meningitis

Bacterial, Viral, Fungal.

Transmission of Meningococcal Disease

Droplet Transmission.

Predisposing Sites for Meningitis

URTI, sinusitis, open wounds, neurosurgery, lumbar puncture.

Rapid Antibiotic Therapy

Must be started within 30 minutes in cases of bacterial meningitis to prevent sepsis and brain damage.

Isolation/Hygiene for Meningitis

Droplet precautions for N. meningitidis.

GCS

Glasgow Coma Scale, used for neuro monitoring in meningitis.

HOB 30°

Head of Bed elevated to 30 degrees to promote venous drainage and decrease ICP.

Seizure

A sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain causing changes in behavior, sensation, or consciousness.

Epilepsy

A chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures.

Status Epilepticus

Continuous or repeated seizures lasting more than 5 minutes without full recovery; considered a medical emergency.

Seizure Phases

Aura, Ictal, Post-ictal.

Types of Seizures

Generalized, Absence, Focal, Atonic.

First Aid for Seizures

Document duration, protect from injury, ensure a safe environment, position on the side.

Status Epilepticus Management Priorities

Airway, Breathing, Circulation, administer benzodiazepines.

Nursing Priorities Post-Seizure

Maintain airway, protect from injury, monitor vitals, educate patient/family on safety.

Neurosurgical Nursing

Focuses on pre-operative preparation and post-operative monitoring to prevent complications.

Pre-operative Care

Baseline assessments, medication review, patient/family teaching, consent.

Immediate Post-operative Focus

Airway, Hemodynamics, Neuro checks.

Complication Watchlist for Neurosurgery

Intracranial, Neurological, Systemic.

Nursing Care Priorities Post-Neurosurgery

Maintain airway, monitor neuro status, control BP and temperature, prevention of infection.

Key Nursing Reminders for Neurosurgery

Elevate HOB 30°, avoid neck flexion, ensure sterile dressing care.