Integrative Brain Function - Sleep 2 (round 1)

How long does a nap have to last to have a hard time waking up fully?

more than 20 mins

What chemical generates pressure to sleep?

adenosine

What two systems determine the sleep-wake cycle?

circadian rhythm, sleep-wake homeostasis

Function of the restorative sleep-wake homeostasis system

signals need to sleep, regulates sleep intensity

What is used up during wakefulness?

glycogen, which breaks down into adenosine

What is adenosine classified as?

neuromodulator

What neurotransmitters does adenosine inhibit?

What neurotransmitters does adenosine inhibit?

What neurotransmitters does adenosine inhibit?

inhibit adenosine’s effects (antagonists/ receptor blockers)

What can we use to differentiate between sleep stages?

electroencephalograph (EEG)

What are two components of REM sleep?

tonic (sympathetic) and phasic (parasympathetic)

How does the NREM/REM cycle vary?

70-100 minutes to 90-120 minutes

How is total sleep time divided?

N1 5%, N2 50%, N3 20%, REM 25%

In NREM Stage 3, what is the percentage of delta waves?

20%

What is atonia?

complete loss of muscle tone (seen in REM sleep)

What sleep stage shows the slowest delta wave frequency?

NREM 3 and 4

In what sleep stage do nightmares occur?

stage 3 slow wave sleep

What does the preoptic area (POA) do?

promotes sleep by inhibiting AAS and generates NREM sleep