KIN 202 Final Exam Study Guide

(MCA) Which of the following descriptions is/are correct regarding chronic injury?

a) vague or absent sign of injury

b) usually associated w/ a significant traumatic event

c) characterized by rapid onset resulting from a traumatic event

d) characterized by a slow, microtrauma onset

e) obvious, clearly identifiable causative mechanism

a) vague or absent sign of injury

d) characterized by a slow, microtrauma onset

What term best fits the statement “the failure to do what a reasonably careful and prudent person would have done under the similar circumstances”?

negligence

(MCA) Which of the following is/are principles of biomedical/healthcare ethics?

a) duty

b) honesty

c) autonomy

d) beneficence

e) justice

c) autonomy

d) beneficence

e) justice

(MCA) Which of the following descriptions is/are correct regarding a catastrophic injury in the context of sport and exercise?

a) can result from environmental factors

b) indirect catastrophic injuries are caused by systemic failure related to exertion or by secondary complication

c) always results in death of the participant

d) sport injury that results in a brain or spinal cord injury

e) involves damage to the brain and/or spinal cord and is potentially life threatening or permanent

a) can result from environmental factors

b) indirect catastrophic injuries are caused by systemic failure related to exertion or by secondary complication

d) sport injury that results in a brain or spinal cord injury

e) involves damage to the brain and/or spinal cord and is potentially life threatening or permanent

(MCA) Which of the following sports would be classified as non-contact?

a) water polo

b) lacrosse

c) track and field

d) soccer

e) swimming

c) track and field

e) swimming

T/F: Vicarious liability holds an employer responsible for its employees negligent acts if the employee is working under the employers direction.

true

T/F: In the event of a lawsuit, the defendant is advised not to speak to any member of the media or any member or any other party without the advice of an attorney.

true

T/F: Tort claims generally ask the court for monetary reward for damage.

true

(MCA) Which of the following descriptions are correct regarding an acute injury?

a) develops over a long period of time

b) usually has a clear constructive mechanism

c) does not cause any significant cellular damage

d) characterized by rapid onset resulting from a traumatic event

e) has clear signs and symptoms of injury

b) usually has a clear constructive mechanism

d) characterized by rapid onset resulting from a traumatic event

e) has clear signs and symptoms of injury

(MCA) Which of the following are considered to be intrinsic factors related to sports injury?

a) previous injury

b) equipment

c) age

d) position

e) environment

a) previous injury

c) age

What’s the name of the law that protects the privacy of student educational records and in some instances medical records?

FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act)

(MCA) Which of the following descriptions is/are true regarding an acute injury?

a) characterized by rapid onset resulting from a traumatic event

b) vague or absent signs of injury

c) develops over a long period of time

d) common examples include tennis elbow, swimmers shoulder, and runners knee

e) no clear causative mechanism

a) characterized by rapid onset resulting from a traumatic event

T/F: People who tend to have an internal locus of control feel that they have control over the events in their lives.

true

T/F: Trait anxiety has to do with ones “general disposition or tendency to perceive certain situations as threatening and to react with an anxiety response.”

true

T/F: The field of sports medicine has grown in recent years to include professions such as chiropractors, cardiologists, PTs, and sports psychologists, as well as others.

true

(MCA) Which of the following have been identified as areas that might affect both the mental and physical health of an athlete?

a) coaches’ style of coaching

b) personality traits

c) depression

d) competitive and life stress

e) eating disorders

a) coaches’ style of coaching

b) personality traits

c) depression

d) competitive and life stress

e) eating disorders

T/F: An injured person has an unlimited amount of time to file a negligence lawsuit against another person.

false

T/F: Good Samaritan laws exist in all 50 states and DC, and although they are all different per state, in general they provide some protection for people providing first aid care to others in emergency and life-threatening situations.

true

(MCA) Which of the following intrinsic risks can be modified?

a) injury history

b) fitness level

c) individual experience

d) age

e) body composition

b) fitness level

c) individual experience

e) body composition

(MCA) “Soft tissue” structures include which of the following?

a) tendon

b) ligament

c) cartilage

d) bone

e) fascia

a) tendon

b) ligament

c) cartilage

e) fascia

Which is correct regarding the term sprain?

it involves ligamentous tissue

Which is correct regarding the term strain?

this injury involves tissues such as tendon, muscle, and musculotendons junction

When the plaintiff assumes responsibility for injury, aka, he agrees to participate when there is a chance of suffering an injury, the athletes actions fall underneath the following legal tenets…

assumption of risk

What is the most important reason to properly and frequently clean facilities?

reduce spread of infection

(MCA) In order to prevent yourself from being sued, you should perform which actions?

a) assume the individual understands all of the inherent risks involved with the activities

b) supervise the clients/patients appropriately

c) provide proper training and instruction to your clients/patients

d) provide safe, properly sized equipment for the individuals use

e) have the individual just watch a video on proper exercise techniques on the outside before coming to the gym/clinic

b) supervise the clients/patients appropriately

c) provide proper training and instruction to your clients/patients

d) provide safe, properly sized equipment for the individuals use

(MCA) S/Sx of depression are:

a) indecisiveness

b) nausea

c) loss of interest

d) headaches

e) difficulty concentrating

a) indecisiveness

c) loss of interest

e) difficulty concentrating

To cause harm to someone, other than breach of contract, in legal terminology constitutes (is a part of) what?

tort

What term denotes the conapt that the plaintiff is found in part or totally to be responsible for the injury?

contributory negligence

(MCA) Which of the following may trigger a mental health issue?

a) lack of sleep

b) owning a dog

c) lack of playing time

d) loss of a loved one

e) burnout from school and/or sports

a) lack of sleep

c) lack of playing time

d) loss of a loved one

e) burnout from school and/or sports

What does HIPAA stand for?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

What are the 4 components of negligence?

1. duty
2. breach of duty
3. damage
4. link between break of duty and damage

(MCA) Which of the following are considered extrinsic causes of injury?

a) uneven playing surface

b) age

c) heat and humidity

d) improper shoes

e) lack of proper conditioning

a) uneven playing surface

c) heat and humidity

d) improper shoes

e) lack of proper conditioning

Tort

a private or civil legal wrong

FERPA

protects the privacy of students educational records

Assumption of Risk

acknowledgment of hazards in exercise or sports

Force Majeure

occurrence as a result of factors beyond the control of the defendant

Act of Nonfeasance (omission)

individual fails to perform an act they’re obligated to perform

Act of Misfeasance

incorrectly performing an act that’s legally yours to perform

HIPAA

regulates how personal health information can be shared with others

Act of Malfeasance

performing an act (correctly or incorrectly) that is not yours to perform

Clear pink watery fluid dripping from the ear is a sign of what?

skull fracture

If the fracture results in the bone protruding through the skin, it’s considered a(n):

open fracture

T/F: All of the bones of the skull (excluding ear or mandible), are united by sutures and are therefore immovable once they become fused.

true

A fracture that naturally results from a twisting injury is called a _________ fracture.

spiral

if an injury suffers a disk bulge, it is most typically bulging which direction?

posteriorly

(MCA) Which od the following muscles are included in the group known as the rotator cuff?

a) semitendinosus

b) teres minor

c) supraspinatus

d) infraspinatus

e) subscapularis

b) teres minor

c) supraspinatus

d) infraspinatus

e) subscapularis

(MCA) Which of the following are functions of the inflammatory response?

a) replacing injured tissues with connective tissues

b) formation of a fragile scar at injury site

c) release of chemical mediators that cause vasodilation

d) disposal of cellular debris and pathogens

e) sets the stage for repair receptors

c) release of chemical mediators that cause vasodilation

d) disposal of cellular debris and pathogens

e) sets the stage for repair receptors

The first cervical vertebra is known as what?

atlas

(MCA) Because of loss of consciousness and amnesia do not occur in all concussions, which of the following are considered to be better measures of the severity of a concussion?

a) flexibility testing

b) recall/concentration tests

c) reaction time testing

d) symptom inventory

e) balance assessment

b) recall/concentration tests

d) symptom inventory

e) balance assessment

Hyphema is a term for what injury?

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

(MCA) The brain is protected by which structures?

a) dura mater

b) cerebrospinal fluid

c) adipose tissue

d) skull

e) bursae

a) dura mater

b) cerebrospinal fluid

d) skull

What type of wound causes the skin to be rubbed or … off

abrasion

(MCA) A strain is an injury to a(n):

a) bursae

b) muscle

c) ligament

d) tendon

e) bone

b) muscle

d) tendon

A simple elbow fracture or dislocation, if managed incorrectly, may be converted into an irreversible injury when improper first aid is applied, resulting in a condition known as _____________.

Volkmann's contracture

A type of fx where a bone breaks and splinters into pieces is called a _____________ fracture.

comminuted

Which bone of the shoulder girdle is most commonly fractured?

clavicle

The ____________ muscle is primarily responsible for elbow extension, while the _________ is primarily responsible for elbow flexion.

triceps; biceps

What are the 4 adductor muscles (medial thigh dudes)?

* adductor longus
* adductor brevis
* adductor magnus
* gracilis

What are 4 muscles of the quadriceps?

* vastus lateralis
* vastus intermedius
* vastus medialis
* rectus femoris

What are the 3 muscles of the hamstrings?

* semimembranosus
* semitendinosus
* biceps femoris

Which ear injury can be prevented by drying the ears thoroughly, using ear drops, and avoiding situations that cause mild ear infections?

otitis externa

What can occur when the space between the clavicle and 1st rib is compressed?

thoracic outlet syndrome

(MCA) Which of the descriptions is correct regarding an acute injury?

a) vague or absent S/Sx

b) characterized by rapid onset resulting from a traumatic event

c) develops over a long period of time

d) no clear causative mechanism

b) characterized by rapid onset resulting from a traumatic event

What is it called when a traumatic brain injury occurs at a location opposite the site of impact?

countercoup injury

To remove a loose material from the eye, try:

flushing the object out by rinsing eye with water

The jawbone is most correctly called the

mandible

(MCA) which are S/Sx of a fracture?

a) deformity

b) swelling

c) crepitus

d) numbness

e) increased ROM

a) deformity

b) swelling

c) crepitus

The eardrum is also known as the ______________________.

tympanic membrane

(MCA) Exercise is essential to the healing process b/c it…

a) slows collagen formation

b) results in decreased circulation and oxygen delivery to the healing tissues

c) helps regain/restore neuromuscular control

d) prevents deconditioning of the individual while healing occurs

e) stresses the healing tissue, which guides the proper structuring of the collagen cells

c) helps regain/restore neuromuscular control

d) prevents deconditioning of the individual while healing occurs

e) stresses the healing tissue, which guides the proper structuring of the collagen cells

(MCA) When a force is sustained by the tissues of the human body, which factor(s) help to determine whether injury results?

a) size of impacted area

b) nature of force applied to tissue

c) time of day the injury occurs

d) magnitude of the force

e) material properties of the tissue

a) size of impacted area

b) nature of force applied to tissue

d) magnitude of the force

e) material properties of the tissue

(MCA) Correct treatment for epistaxis include:

a) instructing the person to pinch their nose

b) placing a tourniquet around their neck

c) stuffing cotton balls up the nose

d) instructing person to tilt their heal back

e) instructing person to lean forward

a) instructing the person to pinch their nose

e) instructing person to lean forward

A syndrome characterized by a narrowing of the spinal canal that can impinge the spinal cord resulting in burning and tingling bilaterally is known as _________________.

cervical spinal stenosis

(MCA) “tennis elbow”:

a) is an inflammation of the tendons on the lateral side of the elbow

b) is a strain of the ulnar collateral ligaments

c) is a result of hitting the ulnar collateral nerve

d) can also occur due to gardening, painting, and using hand tools

e) is an inflammation of the ligaments on the medial side of elbow

a) is an inflammation of the tendons on the lateral side of the elbow

d) can also occur due to gardening, painting, and using hand tools

Name the 3 stages of healing in order:

1. inflammatory phase
2. fibroblastic repair phase
3. maturation-remodeling phase

The main difference between the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree strains is

the amount of tissue that has been injured

A sprain is an injury to a ________________.

ligament

What is the most common mechanism of injury for AC joint injuries?

falling on the tip of the shoulder

An epidural hematoma has bleeding between _______ and _______

skull and dura mater

Cauliflower ear is formally known as ______________.

hematoma auris

A fracture that commonly occurs in children whose bones are pliable is called a what?

greenstick

A bony condition whereby one vertebra slips forward on another is called what?

spondylolisthesis (spondy 2)

How many cervical vertebrae does an individual have?

7

T/F: There is an 85-90% likelihood of recurrence of glenohumeral dislocations or subluxation after an injury.

true

Epistaxis is another term for what?

nasal hemorrhage (nosebleed)

T/F: Connective tissues heal by forming scar tissue that begins to develop 3-4 days after injury.

true

The heart related prob known as heat stroke may involve body temp exceeding what temp?

104\*F (40\*C)

(MCA) Which of the following are S/Sx of a sickle cell crisis?

a) Muscle pain

b) syncope

c) muscle tremors

d) muscle cramping

e) headaches

a) Muscle pain

b) syncope

e) headaches

Thermoregulation of the body is controlled primarily by which area of the brain?

hypothalamus

T/F: Healthcare providers should focus on providing care to the extent of their training and should avoid going beyond their level of training.

true

T/F: Sickle cell trait is most common in the Caucasian population and occurs in about 18% of Caucasians.

false

(MCA) someone should (must) call 911 if…

a) you are unsure of the victims condition

b) the victim’s condition could become life threatening

c) the victim is unconscious

d) spinal injury is suspected

e) the victim’s condition is life threatening

a) you are unsure of the victims condition

b) the victim’s condition could become life threatening

c) the victim is unconscious

d) spinal injury is suspected

e) the victim’s condition is life threatening

(MCA) Which of the following are appropriate treatments for shock?

a) reassure the patient

b) assess vital signs

c) keep the patient cool

d) place in prone position w/ legs elevated

e) maintain adequate airway

a) reassure the patient

b) assess vital signs

e) maintain adequate airway

(MCA) Which of the following presents a risk for exertional rhabdo?

a) multiple sets and high repetition (combined) eccentric exercises

b) using conditioning or workouts as punishments

c) workouts that occur in a cooler environment

d) workouts that decrease in reps over time

e) having moderate to high level of physical fitness

a) multiple sets and high repetition (combined) eccentric exercises

b) using conditioning or workouts as punishments

(MCA) Which of the following can increase a person’s risk for development of heat-related stress condition?

a) high humidity regardless of temps

b) sickle cell trait

c) increasing wind speed

d) drugs/ alcohol

e) prescription medications

b) sickle cell trait

c) increasing wind speed

d) drugs/ alcohol

T/F: Adolescents generally are better at heat acclimation than are adults.

false

Members of the emergency team should renew 1st-aid and CPR training every…

2 years

(MCA) An effective emergency plan should include which of the following considerations?

a) who will meet and escort EMS personnel to the scene

b) where is the EAP and first aid kit

c) who will assist individuals w/ mobility issues

d) who will restock the 1st aid kit after it is used

e) who will make the phone call to EMS

a) who will meet and escort EMS personnel to the scene

b) where is the EAP and first aid kit

c) who will assist individuals w/ mobility issues

e) who will make the phone call to EMS

(Free response) List 3 signs of symptoms of dehydration.

* fatigue
* syncope/dizziness
* dark colored urine

The acronym AVPU stands for what?

alert, verbal, pain, unresponsiveness

Regardless of circumstances, when giving care to an unconscious person:

recognize that the main priority is basic life support or the ABCs