Henry VIII All Topics

When was Wolsey appointed Almoner?

1509

When was Wolsey appointed Archbishop of York?

1514

When was Wolsey appointed Cardinal and Lord Chancellor?

1515

When was Wolsey made Lord of the Privy Seal?

1516

When was Wolsey made Papal Legate?

1518

When did Henry and Wolsey publicly burn Lutheran texts?

1521

What was Henry VIII’s anti-lutheran book called and when was it published?

1) Defense of the Seven Sacraments

2) 1521

What title did Henry earn from the Pope for writing Defence of the Seven Sacraments?

‘Defender of the Faith’

When did Wolsey fall from power and who replaced him as Lord Chancellor?

1) 1529

2) Thomas More

List some characteristics of Thomas Wolsey:

• Had rigid principles and put these before anything else

• Humanist

• Wrote Utopia

• Critical of the Catholic Church, but ruthless with heretics and reformers

When was Wolsey executed?

1530

Who replaced Wolsey as Lord Chancellor in 1529?

Thomas More

What famous humanist book did Thomas More write?

Utopia

What book influenced Henry in the break with Rome and who wrote it?

• The Obedience of A Christian Man

• William Tyndale

When were the clergy accused and pardoned from praemunire?

1) 1530

2) 1531

When did Cromwell introduce the ‘Supplication Against the Ordinaries’ to deal with corruption in the clergy?

1532

When was the ‘Submission of the Clergy’?

1532

What financial act happened in 1532 which was consolidated in 1534?

The Act in Conditional Restraint of Annates

When did Henry marry Anne Boleyn?

1533

What Act followed Henry’s marriage in 1533?

The Act in Restraint of Appeals

When did Cromwell serve as the king’s chief minister?

1534 - 1540

When was the Act of Supremacy and what Act followed to enforce it?

1) 1534

2) Treasons Act

Who was the centre of a religious rising against Henry VIII and when was she executed?

1) Elizabeth Barton

2) 1534

What 2 reformist ministers were appointed as Bishops at the instigation of Anne?

• Hugh Latimer

• Nicholas Shaxton

How did reformers phrase government acts to promote the reformation?

• Appealing to the Bible and the early history of the church where temporal leaders (e.g. some Roman emperors) had political control over the early church

Who became the Archbishop of Canterbury after Warham and when?

• Cranmer

• 1532

When was the dissolution of Lesser Monasteries?

1536

When was the Pilgrimage of Grace and the Lincolnshire Rising?

1536

What were the grievances of the rebels at the Lincolnshire rising/Pilgrimage of Grace (name 6)?

• The dissolution of the monasteries

• The King’s reformist advisors (particularly Cromwell)

• Intrusion of government into local matters

• The rejection of Catherine of Aragon/Brief rule of Anne Boleyn

• Taxes

• Bad harvest of 1535

What were the demands of the pilgrimage of grace, as laid out in the Commons’ Petition (name 5)?

• The destruction of works by protestant reformers

• For Henry to resign as head of the Church

• For Henry to hold a parliament at Nottingham or York

• For the smaller monasteries/religious houses to be reinstated

• Princess Mary to be made legitimate

Who led the Pilgrimage of grace?

Robert Aske

How many rebels were in the Pilgrimage of grace?

30,000-40,000

Who pacified the pilgrims?

Duke of Norfolk

What were the Henry’s failed promises in the Pilgrimage of Grace?

• The promise to call a parliament at york

How many rebels were executed after the uprising led by Sir Francis Bigod?

178

When was Aske executed?

12 July, 1537

When was the dissolution of Greater Monasteries?

1539

When was the Ten Articles and who was its probable author?

1) 1536

2) Thomas Cranmer

When were the Injunctions and the Bishop’s Book?

• The Injunctions were in 1536 and 1538

• The Bishop’s Book was in 1537

What did the Injunctions and the Bishop’s Book do?

• Attacked abuses and superstition

• Encouraged protestant reformers

When was the Bible 1st published in English?

1537

When was Henry excommunicated by the pope?

1538

What document pushed England back to Catholicism in the late 1530s, and when was it published?

1) Act of Six Articles

2) 1539

When was England’s wars with France under Henry VIII?

• 1512

• 1513

• 1522

• 1544

When was the Truce of Nice, who was it between, and what may it have influenced Henry VIII to do?

• 1538

• Spain and France

• Act of Six Articles

When did Henry marry and divorce, execute etc. all of his wives?

• 1509-33: Catherine of Aragon

• 1533-36: Anne Boleyn

• 1536-37: Jane Seymour

• 1540: Anne of Cleves

• 1540-41: Catherine Howard

• 1541-47: Catherine Parr

When was the Battle of Solway Moss?

November 1542

When was the ‘rough wooing’?

1544-45

When was the Treaty of Greenwich?

1543

When was Wolsey in power?

1513 - 1529

When was Sir Thomas More in power?

1529 - 1532

When was Cromwell in power?

1532 - 1540

When did Henry capture Therouanne and Tournai?

In his 1513 invasion of France

Who did England ally with in 1527 and why?

• France 

• Because Charles had made the Pope a prisoner and Henry required the pope’s approval for a divorce

What treaty resulted in the 1528 war with the Hapsburgs and when was it signed?

• The Treaty of Cambrai

• 1529

What 3 advisers did Henry VIII inherit and what were their roles?

• Thomas Lovell - Chancellor of the Exchequer

• Bishop Fox - Lord Privy Seal/trusted adviser (until Wolsey)

• Archbishop Warham - Lord Chancellor

What titles was Wolsey given in 1515?

• Lord Privy Seal

• Lord Chancellor

Who was Lord Privy Seal before Wolsey?

Bishop Fox

What were Henry’s 5 main priorities as a young king?

• To become a warrior king,

• To fulfil the code of chivalry

• To become an imperial king, inspired by the Roman empire

• To recreate Henry V’s victory at Agincourt in 1415

• To establish the divine right of kings

How did Henry restore relations with the nobility?

• Cancelled 175 bonds and recognisances

• Disbanded the Council Learned

Who was the main Yorkist claimant when Henry came to power and what did Henry do with him?

• Edmund de la Pole

• He executed him in 1513

Which other claimant to the throne died in the Battle of Pavia in 1525?

Richard de la Pole 

How many men were in the Privy Council and who presided over the meetings?

• Around 20

• Wolsey, More, Cromwell, then Paget

What role did Sir William Paget have?

Comptroller of the King’s Household

What treaty followed Henry’s capture of Therouanne and Tournai?

The Treaty of Saint Germaine-en-Laye

What did the Treaty of Saint Germaine-en-Laye ensure?

• England’s possession of Therouanne and Tournai

• An annual payment for Henry’s agreement to give up his claims to the French throne

What battle happened in Henry VIII’s 1513 invasion of France?

The Battle of the Spurs

When did the Scots ally with the French?

1512

Who was sent to repel James IV’s invasion of England in 1513?

The Earl of Surrey

What Battle did the English win against the French in 1513?

The Battle of Flodden

How many Scots died in the Battle of Flodden in 1513 and what did this number include?

• 10,000

• James IV

• Many of Scotland’s leading noblemen

Who ruled Scotland after James IV dies in the Battle of Flodden in 1513?

His wife Margaret Tudor and his son James V

How did Wolsey rise to power?

• Patronage of Bishop Fox

• Energy and commitment to organising the 1513 invasion of France

What was Wolsey referred to as?

The alter rex (‘other king’)

Who did Wolsey ruin through a prolonged court case and why?

• Sir Amyas Paulet

• Because he humiliated him as a young priest

Who did Wolsey convince Henry to imprison and eventually execute and when?

• Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham

• 1521

What event increased awareness of the criticisms of taxes going to an extravagant Pope?

The printing press

Who did Lollards follow?

John Wycliffe

When did Wolsey ‘publish’ his 95 theses?

1517

Who started publishing parts of the Bible in English under Henry VIII?

William Tyndale

What did Wolsey do that prepared the way for Cromwell in the next decade?

Streamlined the monasteries

When did public burnings of Lutheran texts begin under Henry VIII?

1521

What 2 vices was Wolsey criticised for?

• Absenteeism 

• Pluralism

What did the Eltham Ordinances do and when were they introduced?

• Laid out methods for organising the chaotic finances of the Privy Chamber

• Aimed to make the King’s household more efficient

• 1526

What 2 ulterior motives did Wolsey have for the Eltham Ordinances?

• Reduce the influence of others at court

• Increase his control over elements of government

What was Wolsey’s main concern in the legal system?

Low and unfair delivery of justice

What court did Wolsey use to hear the quarrels of the nobles?

The Court of the Star Chamber

What did Wolsey use to hear the quarrels of the poor?

The Court of Requests

How many cases were heard each year under Wolsey?

120

What did Wolsey champion?

Laws against enclosure land for sheep

When did Wolsey conduct a national survey on taxes and what did he gain from this in 1522-23?

• 1522

• £200,000 in forced loans

What did Wolsey propose in 1525 and what was its effect?

• The Amicable Grant

• The only significant rebellion in the fist half of Henry’s reign

When did Wolsey begin a national enquiry into enclosure?

1517

When did Wolsey undertake a recoinage and what did this do?

• 1526

• Increased the number of coins but reduced the weight of the silver coins which were seen as worthless

• Stimulated exports but contributed to the rise in prices

When was there a trade embargo with Spain under Wolsey and what did it impact?

• The late 1520s

• The cloth trade

When was the worst harvest under Wolsey?

1527

How many times did Wolsey call Parliament and when was this?

• 2 times

• 1515 and 1523

Why did Wolsey call Parliament in 1515?

Because of the Hunne’s Case

When did Henry decide that he wanted a divorce?

1527

What were Wolsey’s 2 main failures?

• Collapse of the anti-Hapsburg strategy in Europe in 1525

• His inability to obtain the divorce for Henry