Module 9

Types of Muscle

• Skeletal Muscle

• Cardiac Muscle

• Smooth Muscle

− Striated and voluntary

− Muscle attached to the bone

Skeletal Muscle

− Striated and involuntary

− Muscle type in the myocardium (heart)

Cardiac Muscle

− Non-striated and involuntary

− Present in visceral or abdominal organs

Smooth Muscle

Muscle striations in skeletal and cardiac muscle is due to presence of?

dark and light band

Voluntary Muscles are under?

Central Nervous System control

Involuntary Muscle are under?

Autonomic Nervous System control

Function of Nervous system

• Movement

• Contraction

• Peristalsis

• Erection of skin hairs

• Eyeball Movement

Arrector pili muscle is classified as?

Smooth Muscle

types of extraocular muscles

1. Superior Oblique Muscle

2. Inferior Oblique Muscle

3. Dorsal Rectus Muscle

4. Ventral Rectus Muscle

5. Lateral Rectus Muscle

6. Medial Rectus Muscle

7. Retractor Bulbi – attach to the caudal aspect

Each skeletal muscle fiber is a single?

cylindrical muscle cell

− Smallest covering

− Covers the individual muscle fibers or myofibrils

Endomysium

− Covers the fascicles which is madeup of packs of individual muscle fibers

Perimysium

Covers the entire muscle

Epimysium

- Subbranch of myology

- Science of muscle movement

Kinesiology

Classification of Muscle

• Adductor

• Abductor

• Flexor

• Extensor

• Levator

• Depressor

• Rotator

• Supinator

• Pronator

moves a body part toward the midline

Adductor

moves a body part from the midline

Abductor

bends a limb at its joint or decrease joint angle

Flexor

straightens a limb or increase the joint angle

Extensor

Adductor and Abductor muscle are usually found on the?

arm and thigh of animals.

Flexor and Extensor muscle is usually present in the?

forearm and legs of animals

raises or elevated a body part

Levator

lowers or depresses a body part

Depressor

Levator and Depressor are usually found on the?

Head and trunks of animals

turns a body part on its axis and usually found near the joints

Rotator

rotates the palmar or plantar upward

Supinator

it rotates the palmar or plantar downward.

Pronator

muscle primarily responsible for a certain movement

Prime Mover

assist or helps the action of a prime mover

Synergist

it opposes the action of Prime mover and Synergist

Antagonist

– stabilizes or fixes a body part during the process of moving another part

Fixator

The origin is a?

fixed portion

The insertion is a?

movable portion

– muscle origin has equal dimension with the insertion

Parallel

Example of parallel muscle fiber

Abdominal Muscle

the muscle origin and insertion have tapering ends which forms a leaf shape muscle.

Fusiform

Example of Fusiform muscle fiber

Biceps brachii

has one origin and insertion

Unipennate

Example of unipennate muscle fiber

Digital Extensor

muscle has one origin and two origins

Bipennate

one origin and multiple insertion

Multipennate

– the muscle has broad origin and it’s fascicle converge or meet a single tendon of insertion.

Convergent

– is round-shape muscle fiber and usually surrounds a body opening

Circular muscle