Chapter 11

Coarticulation

Making one movement in a way that anticipates future movements or is influenced by a past movement.

Orthographic processing

The visual aspect of letter processing, in which the linguistic meaning of a visual symbol is recognized.

Speech stream

A term used to refer to spoken speech that emphasizes its continuous nature.

Mondegreens

Segmentation of phonemes into words is subject to occasional error, often found in misheard song lyrics.

Homonyms

Words that are spelled and pronounced the same way but have different meanings.

Categorical perception

People do not perceive slight variations in how phonemes are pronounced.

Phoneme restoration effect

Poorly produced phonemes are 'restored' by higher-level processes, allowing perceivers to believe a missing phoneme was present.

McGurk effect

An effect showing that both visual and auditory information are used in phoneme perception.

Lexicon

A mental dictionary containing representations of words recognized through a matching process.

Lexical decision task

A task where participants decide if a letter string is a word, influenced by semantic priming.

Semantic priming

The effect in which performance of a task is biased by having seen semantically related words or pictures earlier.

Dual route models of reading

Models positing two mechanisms for reading: one matches spelling to the lexicon and the other translates letters to sounds.

Acquired dyslexia

Dyslexia caused by brain damage in individuals who were able to read before the injury.

Surface dyslexia

The preservation of reading nonwords and regular words, but difficulty reading irregular words.

Phonological dyslexia

The ability to read irregular and regular words, but unable to read nonwords.

Sentence parser

The psychological mechanism that derives phrase structures from sentences.

Garden path sentence

A sentence where the initial phrase structure leads to a later realization of an error.

Key word

A word that reliably provides a cue to phrase structure organization.

Principle of minimal attachment

The idea that the parser is biased to add new words to an existing node rather than creating a new one.

Surface code

A representation of the exact words in the order they appear in a text.

Textbase

A deeper semantic representation capturing logical and causal relationships between objects and events in a text.

Proposition

The most basic unit of meaning having truth value, representing causes, events, and objects.

Situation model

A representation that describes the entire situation in which objects and events take place, integrating new information with pre-existing knowledge.