Ch.1 PPT- Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Body

Anatomy

The study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts.

Physiology

The study of the functions of living organisms and their parts.

Pathology

The scientific study of disease, including its causes, mechanisms, and effects on the body.

Chemical Level

The simplest level of structural organization, consisting of atoms and molecules.

Cellular Level

The level of body organization composed of cells, the smallest living units of structure and function.

Tissue Level

An organization of many similar cells that act together to perform a specific function.

Organ Level

An organization of several different kinds of tissues arranged together to perform a special function.

System Level

An organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged to perform complex body functions.

Anatomical Position

The standard reference position: body standing erect with feet parallel, arms at sides, and palms facing forward.

Supine

A body position in which the body is lying face upward.

Prone

A body position in which the body is lying face downward.

Superior

Directional term meaning toward the head, upper, or above.

Inferior

Directional term meaning toward the feet, lower, or below.

Anterior (Ventral)

Directional term meaning in front of or front.

Posterior (Dorsal)

Directional term meaning in back of or back.

Medial

Directional term meaning toward the midline of the body.

Lateral

Directional term meaning toward the side or away from the midline of the body.

Proximal

Directional term meaning nearest the point of origin or attachment to the trunk.

Distal

Directional term meaning farthest from the point of origin or attachment to the trunk.

Superficial

Directional term meaning near or on the surface of the body.

Deep

Directional term meaning farther away from the body surface.

Sagittal Plane

A lengthwise cut that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides.

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

A lengthwise cut that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions.

Transverse Plane

A horizontal cut that divides the body or any of its parts into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions.

Homeostasis

The relative constancy of the internal environment of the body.

Ventral cavity

The front (anterior) portion of the body that contains the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity.

Thoracic cavity

The upper ventral cavity that contains the mediastinum and pleural cavities.

Mediastinum

The midportion of the thoracic cavity that houses structures such as the heart and trachea.

Pleural cavities

The spaces in the thoracic cavity that contain the lungs; right pleural cavity holds the right lung and left pleural cavity holds the left lung.

Ventral cavity

The front (anterior) portion of the body that contains the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity.

Abdominopelvic cavity

The lower portion of the ventral cavity, which is divided into the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.

Abdominal cavity

Contains the stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen.

Pelvic cavity

Contains the reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and the lowest part of the intestine.

Abdominopelvic regions

The division of the abdominopelvic cavity into nine regions and four quadrants for anatomical reference.

Dorsal cavity

Cranial cavity contains brain and Spinal cavity contains spinal cord

Axial region

head, neck, and torso or trunk

Appendicular region

upper and lower extremities

negative feedback loop

to slow down or counteract certain processes for homeostasis

positive feedback loop

change that is amplified for homeostasis

levels of organization of the body

atom-cell-tissue-organ-organ system

Greek word for cutting up

anatome

Midsagittal

sagittal plane that divides the body into two equal halves

What cavity is in the image?

cranial cavity

what cavity is this?

spinal cavity

What cavity is this?

Thoraic

What cavity is this?

abdominal

what cavity is this?

dorsal cavity

What cavity is this

abdominal pelvic cavity

extremities

limbs

Axillary

armpit

Brachial

the upper arm

Antecubital

YIPEE

Frontal

forehead

orbital

eye socket

plantar

bottom of feet

carpal

wrist

crucal

lower leg

pedal

foot

cranial

head

Occipital

back of the head

tarsal

the knub of ya feet

temporal

bottom of head

autopsy

examination of a dead body, performed in 4 stages