Ultrasonography: Historical Development

Ultrasound

Is the name given to high frequency sound waves, which are above the human hearing range

20 kHz

Ultrasound has acoustic vibrations of frequencies higher than ..., non audible by human ear

Sonography

A medical two-dimensional and three-dimensional anatomic and flow imaging with the use of ultrasound

Sound

Sonus (Latin) meaning ...

To write

Graphein (Greek) meaning ...

1916

When was the first working

version of a marine SONAR

(Sound Navigation and

Ranging) system used

during the First World War to

detect enemy submarines?

sound navigation and ranging

SONAR stands for ...

Early 1950s

During the ..., early scanning technique

required the patient to be

immersed in a bath of water in

order to provide good

transmission of sound wave

into the body.

Late 1950s

When was the first contact compound B-scanner developed?

Olive oil

What lubricant did the first contact compound B-scanner use?

1970s

When was gray scale imaging, which enabled the display of a wide range of echo amplitudes, introduced?

Gray scale imaging

Introduced in the 1970s, enabling the display of a wide range of echo amplitudes.

Mid 1970s

Real time scanning systems were introduced.

Mid 1970s

Dynamic sonographic information was available for the first time during?

1980s

Doppler Technique

Doppler Technique

1980s

High frequency sound waves (pulses) -> Echo -> Signal conversion

How is an ultrasound image created?

Heating and Cavitation

Biological effects of Ultrasound:

Heating

Occurs due to the absorption of ultrasound energy causing a temperature increase in tissues

Cavitation

Involves the formation and collapse of gas bubbles in tissue fluids, which can cause mechanical damage