Woodrow Wilson's Domestic and Foreign Policies

Woodrow Wilson

Governor of New Jersey, later U.S. President.

Triple Wall of Privilege

Tariffs, banks, and trusts Wilson aimed to reform.

Underwood Tariff Bill

1913 law reducing tariffs significantly.

16th Amendment

Ratified in 1913, allowed graduated income tax.

National Banking Act

Civil War-era law creating inelastic money supply.

Federal Reserve Act

Established 12 regional banks for monetary control.

Federal Reserve Notes

Paper money issued by the Federal Reserve.

Federal Trade Commission Act

Created FTC to regulate unfair business practices.

Clayton Antitrust Act

Expanded Sherman Act, exempted labor unions.

Federal Farm Loan Act

1916 act providing low-interest loans to farmers.

Warehouse Act

Enabled loans against stored crops' value.

La Follette Seamen's Act

1915 law ensuring decent treatment for sailors.

Workingmen's Compensation Act

1916 assistance for disabled federal employees.

Adamson Act

Established 8-hour workday for train employees.

Moralistic Diplomacy

Wilson's approach emphasizing ethical foreign relations.

Tampico Incident

Accidental capture of American sailors by Mexicans.

Vera Cruz

Port seized by Wilson to counter Huerta.

Venustiano Carranza

President of Mexico after Huerta's ousting.

Francisco Villa

Mexican revolutionary provoking U.S. conflict.

World War I

Global conflict beginning in 1914 after assassination.

Central Powers

Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria.

Allies

Alliance of France, Britain, Russia, Japan, Italy.

Neutrality Proclamation

Wilson's declaration to maintain U.S. neutrality in WWI.

Kaiser Wilhelm II

German leader viewed negatively by Americans.

American Industry

Benefited from trade with Allies during WWI.

Dollar Diplomacy

Taft's policy of using economic power abroad.

Jones Act

1916 law granting Philippines territorial status.

Panama Canal Tolls Act

Repealed by Wilson, exempting American shipping.

U-boats

German submarines violating marine laws during WW1.

Lusitania

British ship sunk by U-boat, killing 128 Americans.

Sussex Pledge

Germany's promise not to sink unarmed ships without warning.

Zimmermann Note

Secret proposal for German-Mexican alliance, infuriated Americans.

Wilson's Fourteen Points

Wilson's vision for post-war peace and democracy.

Espionage Act of 1917

Law preventing support for U.S. enemies during wartime.

Sedition Act of 1918

Made it illegal to criticize the government.

Committee on Public Information

Agency to promote war support through propaganda.

Wilson's Reelection 1916

Wilson won due to anti-war and progressive policies.

Bolshevik Revolution

Overthrew Russian tsar, changing Allied dynamics.

American Neutrality

Initial U.S. stance before entering WW1.

Trade Blockade

Allied restriction preventing goods from reaching Germany.

War Economy

U.S. economic mobilization efforts during WW1.

Civilian Council of National Defense

Group studying economic mobilization issues before WW1.

George Creel

Led propaganda efforts to support U.S. war goals.

American Public Sentiment

Shift towards supporting war after German actions.

Charles Evans Hughes

Republican candidate opposing Wilson in 1916 election.

Wilson's Anti-War Stance

Wilson's initial reluctance to engage in WW1.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Germany's policy of sinking ships without warning.

Public Dissent

Suppression of opposition to government during WW1.

Propaganda

Information used to promote war support and patriotism.

American Imperialism

Criticism of Wilson's stance on colonies and independence.

Collective Security

Wilson's vision for international peacekeeping through League.

George M. Cohan

Composer of patriotic songs during WW1.

War Preparedness

Efforts to increase military and shipbuilding before WW1.

Anti-German Sentiment

Widespread hatred and violence against German-Americans.

Peace Without Victory

Wilson's idea for a negotiated end to WW1.

Economic Barriers

Wilson's call to remove trade restrictions post-war.

War Industries Board

Created order over economic confusion during WWI.

Bernard Baruch

Head of the War Industries Board in 1918.

Prohibition

Legal ban on alcohol during wartime efforts.

National War Labor Board

Resolved labor disputes to support war efforts.

American Federation of Labor (AF of L)

Labor union that supported WWI, doubling membership.

Wartime Inflation

Reduced wage gains, causing widespread strikes.

Steel Strike of 1919

Largest strike in U.S. history with 250,000 workers.

Great Migration

Mass movement of African Americans to northern cities.

National Woman's Party

Led by Alice Paul, protested U.S. involvement in WWI.

19th Amendment

Granted women the right to vote in 1920.

Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act

Provided federal funding for maternal health care.

Draft Act of 1917

Required registration of males aged 18-45 for military.

General John J. Pershing

Led American Expeditionary Forces in WWI.

Meuse-Argonne Offensive

Major American military campaign from September to November 1918.

Treaty of Versailles

Peace treaty that ended WWI, imposed on Germany.

League of Nations

International organization aimed at preventing future wars.

Big Four

Key leaders at the Paris Conference: U.S., Italy, Britain, France.

Isolationist Congressmen

Opposed the Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations.

Warren G. Harding

Republican president elected in 1920, opposed League.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Democratic vice-presidential nominee in 1920 election.

Calvin Coolidge

Republican vice-presidential nominee in 1920 election.

Solemn Referendum

Wilson's strategy to settle treaty issue via 1920 election.

Security Treaty

Agreement to defend France against future German invasions.

Foch's Counteroffensive

Marked beginning of German withdrawal in July 1918.

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

Labor union known for poor working conditions.

Strikes

Labor protests due to wage reductions during inflation.

African-American Migration

Blacks moved north for war-industry jobs.

Paris Conference

Meeting to negotiate peace terms after WWI.