electronic structure

What does n represent?

Energy level of hydrogen atom

What are the values of l for a given n?

l = 0 to n-1

What shapes do orbitals have?

s = sphere, p = peanut, d = clover, f = flower

What is ml?

Orientation: -l to +l

What is ms?

Electron spin: +½ or -½

What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?

No two electrons have same 4 quantum numbers

What is the Aufbau Principle?

Electrons fill orbitals starting from the lowest energy level first.

What is Hund’s Rule?

Every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied before any orbital is doubly occupied.

Effective Nuclear Charge (Z_eff) Trend

• Left to Right: Increases

• Top to Bottom: Slight increase (shielding increases too, so effect is less noticeable)

Atomic Radius Trend

• Left to Right: Decreases

• Top to Bottom: Increases

Electron Affinity Trend

• Left to Right: Becomes more negative (increases)

• Top to Bottom: Becomes less negative (decreases)

Ionization Energy Trend

• Left to Right: Increases

• Top to Bottom: Decreases

Electronegativity Trend

• Left to Right: Increases

• Top to Bottom: Decreases