Essentials Quiz #3

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

Fed. 78

1 / 41

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

42 Terms

1

Fed. 78

Written by Alexander Hamilton, focuses on the judicial branch and the concept of judicial review.

  • argued that the judiciary should be independent and that judges should serve for life, provided they exhibit good behavior

  • emphasizes that the courts are the weakest of the three branches of government, lacking both force and will, and that their primary role is to interpret laws and ensure they conform to the Constitution.

  • laid the foundation for the power of judicial review

New cards
2

Gideon v. Wainwright

Supreme Court ruled that defendants in criminal cases have the right to an attorney, even if they cannot afford one,

  • Sixth Amendment's guarantee of counsel

  • ensured fair trials and significantly impacted criminal justice procedures across the United States.

  • extended the right to counsel to state court proceedings

New cards
3

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

ruled that officially sponsored prayer in public schools violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment

  • prohibits the government from establishing a religion.

  • established a clear separation between religion and public education

  • set a precedent for interpreting the Establishment Clause in cases involving state-sponsored religious activities.

New cards
4

Fed. 70

Authored by Alexander Hamilton, argues for a strong executive branch led by a single president.

  • It advocates against a plural executive and emphasizes the need for energy, efficiency, and accountability in the executive office.

  • influenced the structure and powers of the presidency as outlined in the U.S. Constitution

New cards
5

Marbury v. Madison

  • Established judicial review: allowing the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional.

  • involved William Marbury's commission as a justice of the peace, which was not delivered.

  • Article III, Section 2, Judicial Power Clause

New cards
6

Mculloch v. Maryland

  • Confirmed the federal government’s implied powers

  • upheld the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the United States.

  • Maryland tried to tax the bank, but the Court ruled that states cannot tax federal institutions.

  • Necessary and Proper Clause (Article I, Section 8)

  • Supremacy Clause (Article 6)

New cards
7

US v. Lopez

  • Limited Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause.

  • The Court ruled that the Gun-Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress’s authority to regulate interstate commerce.

  • Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8)

New cards
8

Citizens United v. FEC

  • Held that corporate funding of independent political ads in candidate elections cannot be limited under the First Amendment

  • expanded the concept of free speech.

  • Free Speech Clause (First Amendment)

New cards
9

Baker v. Carr

  • Established the principle of “one person, one vote”, allowing federal courts to intervene in and decide redistricting cases.

  • landmark case regarding equal protection in legislative division.

  • Equal Protection Clause (Fourteenth Amendment)

New cards
10

Constitution

  • The supreme law of the United States

  • establishes the framework of the federal government

    • separation of powers

    • checks and balances

    • federalism.

  • Necessary and Proper Clause

  • Commerce Clause

  • Supremacy Clause

  • Judicial Power Clause

  • Equal Protection Clause

New cards
11

DOI

  • America’s “break up text” to Britain

  • emphasized natural rights (life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness)

  • stated it is the right of the people to overthrow an unjust government

  • Social Contract & Popular Sovereignty

New cards
12

AOC

  • The first constitution of the United States

  • established a weak central government and gave most powers to the states

  • failed due to its inability to manage national issues like commerce and taxation

  • State Sovereignty

New cards
13

Fed. 10

  • Argues for a large republic to control factions

  • emphasizes that a diverse society can prevent any one faction from dominating the government (pluarism)

  • Factions

New cards
14

Fed. 51

  • Argues for the separation of powers and checks balances within the government ( rule of law)

    • to ensure no single branch becomes too powerful.

  • Separation of Powers

  • Checks and Balances

New cards
15

Brutus 1

  • anti-Federalist paper arguing against the ratification of the Constitution

  • feared that a large republic would lead to tyranny

  • Tyranny of Central Government

  • Small Republic

New cards
16

1st Amendment

Freedom of Religion, Speech, of the Press, Assembly, and Petition

New cards
17

2nd Amendment

Protects the people's right to bear arms

New cards
18

3rd Amendment

No soldier can be quartered in a home without the permission of the owner

New cards
19

4th Amendment

Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and sets out requirements for search warrants based on probable cause

New cards
20

5th Amendment

Protects rights of due process and the right to remain silent ("plead the 5th"), double jeopardy

New cards
21

6th Amendment

The right to a fair and speedy trial by a jury of one's peers; to have witnesses and to give a defense; loss of liberty/life

New cards
22

7th Amendment

The right to a trial by jury in civil cases for amounts of $20 or more

New cards
23

8th Amendment

Prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments

New cards
24

9th Amendment

People have other rights not specifically stated in the Constitution

New cards
25

10th Amendment

Gives all powers not specifically given to the United States government in the Constitution, to either the states or to the people

New cards
26

11th Amendment

Determines when and if a state can be sued; states cannot be sued by people from other states or by foreigners

New cards
27

12th Amendment

The Electoral College must vote for the President and the Vice President separately

New cards
28

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude

New cards
29

14th Amendment

Makes anyone born on US soil a citizen and guarantees equal protection under the law

New cards
30

15th Amendment

Gave all men the right to vote regardless of race or color or whether they had been slaves

New cards
31

16th Amendment

Created an income tax and gave the Federal government the power to collect it

New cards
32

17th Amendment

Creates the direct election by the people of Senators

New cards
33

18th Amendment

Prohibition of the drinking, manufacture, and sale of alcohol

New cards
34

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote

New cards
35

20th Amendment

Gives details on the terms of office for Congress and President; shortens "lame duck" period (time between election and inauguration)

New cards
36

21st Amendment

Repealed the 18th amendment (prohibition)

New cards
37

22nd Amendment

Limits the president to two terms in office (or 10 years)

New cards
38

23rd Amendment

Gave Washington, D.C. representatives in the electoral college so that citizens of D.C. could participate in the electoral process, even though it is not an official state

New cards
39

24th Amendment

Prohibited the poll tax

New cards
40

25th Amendment

Explains what happens when the President dies or is unable to continue in office (Succession)

New cards
41

26th Amendment

Sets the national voting age at 18, cannot be set any higher

New cards
42

27th Amendment

Any changes in Congressional salaries will take place after the next term starts

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 45 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 46 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 29 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 70 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 39 people
... ago
4.7(3)
note Note
studied byStudied by 23 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 496 people
... ago
5.0(2)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (100)
studied byStudied by 27 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (45)
studied byStudied by 14 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (88)
studied byStudied by 6 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (68)
studied byStudied by 40 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (42)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (80)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (34)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (78)
studied byStudied by 64 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot