Computer Concepts Unit 11

____________ encompasses a broad set of activities that include planning, coding, testing, and documenting while

a related activity, __________, is a development process that uses mathematical, engineering, and management

techniques to reduce the cost and complexity of a computer program while increasing its reliability and modifiability.​

a. ​Software engineering, computer programming

b. ​Computer programming, software engineering

c. ​Application programming, systems programming

d. ​Systems programming, application programming

b. ​Computer programming, software engineering

The instructions that make up a computer program are sometimes referred to as __________.​

a. ​code

b. ​control

c. encapsulation​

d. ​function

a. ​code

Which of the following is not a characteristic for a good problem statement?

a. ​It specifies any assumptions that define the scope of the problem.

b. ​It contains detailed descriptions of the processes and tools that need to be developed.

c. ​It clearly specifies the known information.

d. ​It specifies when the problem has been solved

b. ​It contains detailed descriptions of the processes and tools that need to be developed.

In a problem statement, you can limit complexity by making ____________.​

a. ​objects

b. ​variables

c. ​constants

d. ​assumptions

d. ​assumptions

The _____________ in a problem statement is the information that is supplied to the computer to help it solve a

problem.​

a. ​known information

b. ​assumption

c. algorithm​

d. ​predicate

a. ​known information

A(n) __________ is a factor that remains the same throughout a program.

a. ​algorithm

b. ​variable

c. ​object

d. ​constant

d. ​constant

A(n) _________ provides programmers with tools to build substantial sections of a program by pointing and

clicking rather than typing lines of code.​

a. ​repetition control structure

b. ​interprete

c. ​VDE

d. superclass

c. ​VDE

A low-level language has a low level of ___________ because it includes commands specific to a particular CPU

or microprocessor family.​

a. ​flow control

b. ​abstraction

c. ​syntax

d. ​iteration

b. ​abstraction

_______________, such as BASIC, Python, Java, Prolog, and C++, make the programming process easier by

replacing unintelligible strings of 1s and 0s or cryptic assembly commands with understandable commands, such as

PRINT and WRITE.​

a. ​Lowlevel languages

b. ​Highlevel languages

c. ​First generation languages

d. ​Multiparadigm languages

b. ​Highlevel languages

_________-generation languages, such as COBOL and Fortran, were used extensively for business and

scientific applications.​

a. ​First

b. ​Second

c. ​Third

d. ​Fourth

c. ​Third

In 1969, computer scientists began to develop high-level languages, called ________-generation languages, which

more closely= resembled human languages.​

a. ​second

b. ​third

c. fourth​

d. ​none of the above

c. fourth​

The human-readable version of a program created in a high-level language by a programmer is called

__________.​

a. ​source code

b. op code​

c. ​object code

d. structured English​

a. ​source code

A(n) ___________ converts all the statements in a program in a single batch, and the resulting collection of

instructions, called ________, is placed in a new file.​

a. ​constant, variable

b. object code, compiler​

c. ​compiler, object code

d. ​interpreter, compiler

c. ​compiler, object code

Which of the following is a scripting language?​

a. ​Ruby

b. ​Perl

c. ​PHP

d. ​all of the above

d. ​all of the above

Which of the following is not a programming paradigm?​

a. ​Declarative

b. Procedural​

c. ​ObjectOriented

d. ​Predictive

d. ​Predictive

Which programming language is used for artificial intelligence applications and expert systems?​

a. ​Prolog

b. COBOL​

c. ​C++

d. ​Objective C

a. ​Prolog

Which programming language is an interpreted language most commonly used for client-side Web scripting, such as

animating page elements and validating input on HTML forms?​

a. ​Prolog

b. Pythod​

c. ​Java

d. ​Javascript

d. ​Javascript

A(n) ____________ for a computer program is a set of steps that explains how to begin with known information

specified in a problem statement and how to manipulate that information to arrive at a solution.​

a. ​control

b. ​algorithm

c. ​syntax

d. ​parameter

b. ​algorithm

A(n) _________ is a graphical representation of the way a computer should progress from one instruction to the

next when it performs a task.​

a. ​paradigm

b. ​flowchart

c. ​pseudocode

d. ​VDE

b. ​flowchart

What is the term that refers to the sequence in which a computer executes program instructions?​

a. ​control structure

b. ​Flow control

c. ​walkthrough

d. ​none of the above

b. ​Flow control

A(n) _____________ changes the order in which instructions are carried out by directing the computer to

execute an instruction elsewhere in the program.​

a. ​sequential execution

b. ​formal method

c. ​programming paradigm

d. ​sequence control structure

d. ​sequence control structure

A(n) __________ is a section of code that is part of a program, but is not included in the main sequential execution

path.​

a. ​function

b. ​goto

c. ​method

d. ​iteration

a. ​function

A(n) ________________ tells a computer what to do based on whether a condition is true or false.​

a. sequence control structure​

b. ​selection control structure

c. ​repetition control structure

d. ​walkthrough

b. ​selection control structure

In a repetition control structure, the computer is directed to repeat one or more instructions until a certain condition

is met. The section of code that repeats is usually referred to as a(n) ___________.

a. algorithm

b. compiler

c. iteration

d. rule

c. iteration

The ________________ paradigm is based on the idea that the solution for a problem can be visualized in terms

of objects that interact with each other.​

a. ​declarative

b. ​object-oriented

c. ​procedural

d. ​none of the above

b. ​object-oriented

A(n) _____________ defines the characteristics of a set of objects.​

a. ​class attribute

b. ​control structure

c. ​function

d. ​method

a. ​class attribute

A(n) __________ is available for use by any routine in the program while a(n) _______________ can be

accessed only from the routine in which it is defined.​

a. ​public attribute, class attribute

b. ​private attribute, class attribute

c. ​public attribute, private attribute

d. ​class attribute, public attribute

c. ​public attribute, private attribute

___________ provides OO programs with easy extensibility and can help simplify program control structures.​

a. ​Polymorphism

b. ​Inheritance

c. ​Encapsulation

d. ​Abstraction

a. ​Polymorphism

Regarding OO programming, which of the following terms best matches with the term "method"?​

a. ​algorithm

b. ​pseudocode

c. ​syntax

d. ​main()

d. ​main()

Computer historians believe that ____________ was the first programming language to work with objects, classes,

inheritance, and methods.

a. ​COBOL

b. ​SIMULA

c. ​Python

d. ​Java

b. ​SIMULA

_________________ refers to the process of hiding the internal details of objects and their methods.​

a. ​Abstraction

b. ​Encapsulation

c. ​Assumption

d. ​Polymorphism

b. ​Encapsulation

The _______________ paradigm describes aspects of a problem that lead to a solution.

a. ​procedural

b. declarative​

c. objectoriented​

d. ​none of the above

b. declarative​

In Prolog, the __________ describes the relationship between the _________ .​

a. ​argument, predicates

b. ​predicate, rules

c. ​rule, arguments

d. ​predicate, arguments

d. ​predicate, arguments

Prolog allows you to ask openended questions by replacing constants with __________.​

a. ​parameters

b. variables​

c. ​functions

d. ​rules

b. variables​

Finding a value for a variable is referred to as ___________.​

a. ​instantiation

b. ​abstraction

c. ​argument

d. ​inheritance

a. ​instantiation

In the context of Prolog programming, a(n) ________________ is a tabular method for visualizing and specifying

rules based on multiple factors.

a. ​selection control structure

b. ​decision table

c. ​formal method

d. ​storyboard

b. ​decision table