Physiology Exam 1 (EEOB 2520 OSU )

Equation 1?

ATP <-> ADP + Pi + Energy (Reversible)

What is equation 1 used for?

Our Currency to pay for activities (energy; like spending dollar bills)

Equation 2?

Glucose+ o2 + ADP + Pi -> ATP + CO2 + H2o + Heat

What is equation 2 used for?

How we make currency (energy; Like earning money)

Equation 3?

Co2+ H20 <-> HCO3- + H+ (Reversible)

what is equation 3 used for?

Transport a gas in water

Equation 4?

PV=nRT

What is equation 4 used for?

Ideal gas law

Which two equations are reversible?

#1 and #3

Homeostasis

Relatively stable maintenance of a body parameter

What can homeostasis also be called?

Dynamic constancy

Set point

Goal range

Steady State

Maintaining at Set point

Homeostatic control system

Interconnected components that work together to keep at set point (maintain steady state)

does being at steady state require energy?

Yes

Is steady state considered equilibrium?

No (very few things in equilibrium in phys)

Disturbances from steady state are called?

Reactive (Reactive -> Response -> Feedback)

Negative feedback

going towards steady state (Opposite of disturbance)

Positive Feedback

Continues with disturbance (Goes away from steady state)

Feedfoward

Technique used to avoid being pushed out of steady state (Proactive -> Preparation= Feedfoward)

Does Feedfoward use less energy than negetive feedback?

Yes

Reflex Template Steps

Stimulus

X altered

Sensor/Receptor

Afferent pathway

Integrating center (Integrator)

Efferent pathway

Effectors (Respond to stimulus)

Compensatory response (change in phys)

X restored

Afferent pathway

going towards integrator

Efferent pathway keys?

Detection (change has to be significant)

What does the integrator decide to do?

Whether the stimulus is big enough to send to efferent pathway (will send back if not)

Reflex Arc negative feedback result?

X restored

Reflex arc positive feedback?

X further altered

Biorythms

pattern to variation of controlled variable (parameter)

three ways biorhythms can be described?

Period (overtime; long hair in winter; thinner in spring)

Phase (duration)

Amplitude (Amplitude)

Examples of biorhythms

Circadian (sleeping)

Lunar (day)

Annual (every year)

Acclimatization

Adjusting (TAKES TIME)

does Acclimatization cause your set point to change?

yes

what is Acclimatization caused by?

Change in environment (changed when necessary)

Is Acclimatization a genetic change?

no

is Acclimatization reversible?

Yes (only some arent)

what type of Acclimatization is not reversible?

Developmental Acclimatization

Types of Direct intercellular communication (these require physical contact)

Gap junctions

Tunneling nanotubes

Juxtacrines

Gap junctions

Short narrow channels

Tunneling Nanotubes

Wider channels (like gap junctions, but since they're bigger, they can let proteins or larger molecules through)

Juxtacrines

Transient protein sends signal connection between membranes (THEY ARE TOUCHING)