US presidents

George Washington

1) independent

2) 1789-1797

3) Set the foundational precedence for the office, established the first presidential cabinet, and issued the neutrality proclamation to keep the young nation out of European wars, and led the US through the revolutionary war

4) Native American resistance in military defeats in the northwest territory, the whiskey rebellion(National Debt), Cabinet in fighting, and Jay Treaty back

John Adams

1) Federalist

2) 1797 to 1801

3) Avoiding war with France during the quasi war Establishing the department of the Navy, peaceful transition of power to Thomas Jefferson after losing the 1800 election, and the judiciary act of 1801

4) Alien and sedation acts (Criminalized criticism of the government), Cabinet in fighting(Secretly loyal to Hamilton and slowly undermining Adams), Unpopularity

Thomas Jefferson

1) Democratic Republican Party

2) 1801 to 1809

3) The Louisiana purchase, fiscal reform, barberry war (protected merchant shipping), And abolition of slave importation

4) The embargo act of 1807, Constitutional dilemma with the Louisiana purchase, The trial of Aaron Burr

James Madison

1) Democratic Republican Party

2) 1809 to 1817

3) Father of the constitution, author of the Bill of Rights, The war against 1812 (defeated nations, Maritime rights against Great Britain), Louisiana purchase

4) The war of 1812 (Military underfunded), The burning of Washington, Internal factionalism

James Monroe

1) Democratic Republican Party

2) 1817 to 1825

3) The Monroe doctrine (Declared America’s off-limits to further Europe Colonization), The adams onis treaty, The Missouri compromise (Made Maine a free state in Missouri of slave state in banded slavery in the Louisiana territory), The treaty of 1818 and Ruba bagot treaty

4) The panic of 1819(Collapse of the second bank of the US), Geographic divide between slave and free states after the Missouri compromise, Constitutional limitations

John Quincy Adams

1) Democratic republican party

2) 1825 to 1829

3) Expansion of the Cumberland Road and the Erie canal, funded scientific expeditions in a national university, multiple trade treaties, abolition advocacy

4) The “ Corrupt bargain” (Controversial election after no one got majority votes and the House of Representatives elected him), Congressional blockade/rejections, reelection defeat

Andrew Jackson

1) democratic Party(He founded it)

2) 1829 to 1837

3) Expanded democracy, preserved integrity of the union and stopped South Carolina’s attempt to secede over high tariffs, Paid national debt

4) Indian removal active 1830, Destroyed the second bank of the US, First US president to be censored by the state

James K Polk

1) democratic party

2) 1845 to 1849

3) Walker tariff (Boosted foreign trade), independent treasury system, Oregon compromise, Mexican-American war, Territorial expansion, And manifest destiny encouraged

4) slavery expansion, Mexican American war led to many casualties and conflict, death from cholera, Increased sectional tensions

Millard Fillmore

1) whig party

2) 1850 to 1853

3) Signed the compromise of 1850 into law, temporarily delayed the Civil War

4) Enforced the highly despise fugitive slave act which outraged the north and ended his political career

Franklin Pierce

1) Democrat

2) 1853 to 1857

3) Negotiated the Gadsden purchase, secured additional land for southern transcontinental railroad route

4) Sign the Kansas, Nebraska act, which led to the violent clashes over slavery in “ Bleeding Kansas” And fractured the nation

Abraham Lincoln

1) Republican

2) 1861 to 1865

3) Emancipation proclamation, led the union to victory in the Civil War, Preserved the US as a single nation

4) Faced military defeat in political opposition during the Civil War, resulting in his assassination

Ulysses S. Grant

1) Republican

2) 1869 to 1877

3) Fought to protect the rights of newly freed African-Americans during the reconstruction and signed legislation, establishing the first National park (Yellowstone), Treaty of Washington

4) Numerous political and financial scandals

Rutherford B Hayes

1) Republican

2) 1877 to 1881

3) Ended reconstruction by removing federal troops from the south and began efforts to reform The civil service

4)His election was decided by an electoral commission after one of the most disputed elections in US history, Great Railroad strike, Abandonment of black civil rights (Jim Crow laws) Promoted segregation

William McKinley

1) Republican

2) 1897 to 1901

3) Led to victory in the Spanish American war, Territorial Expansion, Signed dingley tariff act And gold standard act

4) War against Filipino nationalists fighting for independence, Failed to make civil rights reforms for African-Americans, Assassinated in office

Theodore Roosevelt

1) Republican

2) 1901 to 1909

3) First modern “ Trust-buster” For breaking up, corporate monopolies, established vast national Forest and parks, Square deal, Panama Canal

4) The panic of 1907 challenged his administration’s financial policies

William Howard Taft

1) Republican

2) 1909 to 1913

3) broke up more trusts than Roosevelt, Increased trading with South America, Established the Department of labor, Signed the 16th amendment

4) Alienated key progressive members of his own party, causing a split they gave the next election To the Democrats, Cautious approach to reform and support for certain tariffs led to the split

Woodrow Wilson

1) Democrat

2) 1913 to 1921

3) Pass the federal reserve act, Formed the league of nation Concept, Signed the 19th amendment, led the US through World War I with his 14 points, Clayton antitrust act and first federal progressive income tax

4) suffered a stroke that incapacitated him late in his term, And failed to get the US to join his league of nations

Calvin Coolidge

1) Republican

2) 1923 to 1929

3) Champion tax cuts in deregulation, Restored credit in the White House, Economic growth, Native American citizenship

4) Criticized for his Laissez-faire policies, Signed immigration act, Farm and Veteran bills vetoes, lack of limitations in the economy led to risky investments by citizens, Setting the stage for stock market crash and the onset of the Great Depression

Herbert Hoover

1) republican

2) 1929 to 1933

3) Pushed for large infrastructure projects like the Hoover Dam and created the reconstruction finance corporation

4) Overwhelmed by the 1929 stock market crash and the onset of the great Depression, Perceived as doing too little to help struggling Americans

Franklin D Roosevelt

1) Democrat

2) 1933 to 1945

3) Created the “ New deal” To pull the US out of the great depression and lead the allied powers through World War II, was also the only president to serve four terms

4) controversial and unsuccessful plan to “pack”the Supreme Court and the internment of Japanese Americans

Harry S Truman

1) Democrat

2) 1945 to 1953

3) Authorize the use of the atomic bomb to end World War II, develop the Truman doctrine (Containment of communism), And integrated the US military, NATO

4) Overall, the start of the controversial, Korean War and faced a fiercely uncooperative Congress

Dwight D Eisenhower

1) Republican

2) 1953 to 1961

3) Created the interstate highway system, negotiated the end of the Korean war, And integrated public schools via federal intervention

4) Escalated Cold War intentions and authorized early CIA intervention in foreign government

John F. Kennedy

1) Democrat

2) 1961 to 1963

3) Successfully avoided nuclear war with the Soviet Union (cuban missile crisis), Established the peace corps, Nuclear test ban treaty, Space exploration and civil rights, Inspirational speeches

4) Bay of Pigs invasion, Legislative resistance, And assassination in 1963

Lyndon B Johnson

1) Democrat

2) 1963 to 1969

3) Signed the civil rights act of 1964 And voting rights act of 1965, And created the Medicare/Medicaid

4) Escalated the Vietnam war, causing domestic turmoil and ending his presidency

Richard Nixon

1) Republican

2) 1969 to 1974

3) Created the EPA, Open diplomatic relations with China, Achieved the first nuclear arms treaty with the Soviets

4) Watergate scandal (Break-in at the Democratic national committee, headquarters and cover-up) Lead leading to his resignment, authorized secret bombings into Cambodia and Laos, Economic turmoil(Energy crisis and removal of US dollar, etc)

Jimmy Carter

1) Democrat

2) 1977 to 1981

3) Brokered the historic camp David accords between Egypt and Israel, Created the Department of energy

4) Severe energy crisis, stagflation, and the Iran hostage crisis

Ronald Reagan

1) Republican (Originally a democrat but switched)

2) 1981 to 1989

3) Implemented significant tax cuts (Reaganomics) And contributed to the peaceful end of the Cold War, Intermediate range nuclear forces treaty, Decreased Soviet Union tensions

4) The Iran contra affair damaged public trust in his administration(Illegal arms sales to Iran fund Nicaraguan rebels)

Bill Clinton

1) democrat

2) 1993 to 2001

3) Period of immense economic expansion, Reduced federal deficit, and passed welfare reform

4) Impeached by House of Representatives for perjury and obstruction of justice, 1993 plan for universal healthcare failed, Political backlash

George W. Bush

1) Republican

2) 2001 to 2009

3) Responded to 9/11 attacks by establishing the Department of Homeland Security and assigned the Medicare prescription drug act, Signed the no child left behind act in 2001, PEPFAR expanded international public health

4) 2003 invasion of Iraq based on false intelligence about WMDs, Failed major domestic initiatives, 2007 to 2008 great recession, 2008 financial crisis handling

Barack Obama

1) Democrat

2) 2009 to 2017

3) Passed the affordable care act, overall the raid that killed Osama bin Laden, and led the US out of the great recession

4) Criticized for the ACA website and the rise of the Islamic state (ISIS) During his withdrawal from the Middle East