AP Lang 2024-2025 Bowles Vocab

Bowles Viacbulary, first 25 words

Ad hominem

Latin for “to the man”. Switching from arguing of an issue to attacking the person regarding to the issue or discussing it.

Example: “I won’t be too certain about knowledge from someone who never read a vook”

Ad populum fallacy (bandwagon appeal)

Occurs when evidence of doing something is simply “well everyone's doing it so it must be good”

Example: “Various students didn't take physics and were fine without it”

Alliteration

Repetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in sequence

Example: “Allow us to acknowledge the analysis”

Allusion

Brief reference to a person, event or place or a work of art

Example “let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of isaiah”

Analogy

Comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things. Often using something simple/well-known to explain something complex

Example: if I have unjustly wrested a plank from a drowning man I must restore it to him though I drown myself… but he that would safe his life, in such a case, shall lose it. This people must cease to hold slaves and to make war on Mexico. Though it cost them their existence as a people”

Anaphora

Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases

Example: "In every cry of every man, in every infant's cry of fear, in every voice, in every ban, the mind-forg'd manacles I hear”

Anecdote

Brief story used to illustrate a point of claim

Annotation

The taking of notes directly on a text

Antimetabole

Repetition of words in reverse order

Example: “Ask not what your country can do for you - ask what you can do for your country”

Antithesis

Opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in parallel construction

Example: “We shall…support any friend, oppose any for ….”

Appeal for false authority

Happens when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority

Example: celebrity advertising medicine

Archaic diction

Old-fashioned or outdated choice of words

Example: …beliefs for which our forebears fought…

Argument

Process of reasoned inquiry. Persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to conclusion.

Aristotelian triangle (rhetorical triangle)

A diagram that illustrated the interrelationship among the speaker audience and the subject in determining a text

Assertion

A statement that presents a claim or thesis

Assumption (warrant)

In the Toulmin model, the warrant expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience

Asyndeton (бессоюзие)

Omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses or word. (Lack of ‘but’ ‘and’ etc. connecting words)

Example: “I went outside to eat, have a drink, walk the dog, play in the grass.

Audience

The listener the viewer or reader of a ext. Most texts are likely to have multiple audiences

Background

The part of an image that is behind the objects depicted in the foreground (front of image)

Backing

In the Toulmin model backing consists of further assurances or data without which the assumption lacks authority.

поддержка состоит из дополнительных заверений или данных, без которых предположение не имеет силы.

Example: “because it is raining, therefore I should probably take my umbrella, since it will keep me dry on account of (backing) it's waterproof material, unless, of course there's a hole in it”

Begging the question

A fallacy (заблуждение) in which a claim is based on evidence or support that's doubtful. “begs” the question whether the support itself is accurate.

Example: “giving students easy access to a wealth of facts and resources online allows them to develop critical thinking skills”

Bias

Prejudice or preconceived notion that prevents a person from approaching a topic in a neutral or objective way

Example: “you can't give me a C, I'm an A student!”

Claim

Also called an assertion or proposition a claim states the arguments main idea or position. Differs from a topic or subject. Claim HAS to be arguable