Advanced Biology I - Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Genetics

Flashcards covering key concepts in Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Genetics.

Mendel's law that states factors for a trait occur in pairs and segregate into different gametes during formation is known as __.

the law of segregation.

In Mendel's monohybrid cross, the phenotypic ratio of dominant to recessive offspring in the F2 generation is __.

3:1.

The cross between two heterozygous parents (Tt x Tt) in cucumber plants shows a phenotypic ratio of __.

3 dominant : 1 recessive.

An individual with the genotype TT expresses the __ phenotype.

dominant.

Mendel's law that states that alleles for different traits segregate independently of one another is known as __.

the law of independent assortment.

The chance that a homozygous recessive offspring will occur from a cross is __.

1/4 or 25%.

When a curly-haired person and a straight-haired person have children with wavy hair, this exemplifies __.

incomplete dominance.

A testcross is performed to determine the genotype of an individual with a __ phenotype.

dominant.

In a dihybrid cross, Mendel observed a phenotypic ratio of __.

9:3:3:1.

Among humans, the allele for dark hair is represented as and the allele for blonde hair as .

D; d.

A color-blind daughter from a normal vision mother and a normal vision father can only occur if the mother is a __.

carrier.

The genotype of a normal-eyed female Drosophila is and the genotype of a bar-eyed male is .

XbXb; XBY.

In incomplete dominance, the offspring phenotype can be a __ of both parents' traits.

blend.

The term for traits controlled by genes of the sex chromosomes is __ inheritance.

X-linked.

The genotypes that could produce type O blood include IAi and IBi, thus the possible genotypes of child from parents with blood types A (IAi) and B (IBi) can be __.

ii.

The phenotype of offspring from breeding a homozygous dominant rabbit with a homozygous recessive rabbit is __.

100% black and spotted.

The chance of an offspring being heterozygous when both parents are heterozygous is __.

50%.

Mendel's studies with pea plants showed that he understood the basic principles of __ inheritance.

simple.

The ratio 1:2:1 corresponds to the __ from a monohybrid cross of two heterozygous individuals.

genotypic ratio.

What is Mendelian inheritance?

Mendelian inheritance refers to the inheritance patterns defined by Gregor Mendel, which include dominant and recessive traits.

What is incomplete dominance?

Incomplete dominance is when the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes.

What is codominance?

Codominance occurs when both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, resulting in a phenotype that shows traits from both alleles.

What is polygenic inheritance?

Polygenic inheritance involves the interaction of multiple genes to influence a trait, resulting in a continuous range of phenotypes.

What is an example of Mendelian inheritance?

An example of Mendelian inheritance is the inheritance of flower color in pea plants, where purple is dominant over white.

What is an example of incomplete dominance?

An example of incomplete dominance is the color of snapdragon flowers, where red and white flowers produce pink offspring.

What is an example of codominance?

An example of codominance is the AB blood type, where both A and B alleles are equally expressed.

How does polygenic inheritance affect traits?

Polygenic inheritance leads to traits that show a wide variety of phenotypes, such as height in humans, influenced by multiple genes.

What is a carrier in genetics?

A carrier is an individual who has one copy of a recessive allele that does not manifest as a phenotype, but can pass the allele to offspring.

What is autosomal inheritance?

Autosomal inheritance refers to the inheritance of genes located on non-sex chromosomes (autosomes), affecting both sexes equally.

What is sex-linked inheritance?

Sex-linked inheritance involves genes located on the sex chromosomes (X or Y), leading to traits that may exhibit different patterns in males and females due to their differing chromosome compositions.

What is an example of autosomal dominant inheritance?

An example of autosomal dominant inheritance is Huntington's disease, where only one copy of the mutant gene is required for the phenotype to manifest.

What is an example of autosomal recessive inheritance?

An example of autosomal recessive inheritance is cystic fibrosis, where two copies of the recessive allele must be present for the disorder to occur.

What is X-linked inheritance?

X-linked inheritance implies that a gene is located on the X chromosome, often causing disorders like hemophilia to occur primarily in males because they have only one X chromosome.

What are pedigree charts used for in genetics?

Pedigree charts are used to track the inheritance patterns of traits within a family, illustrating how a trait is passed down through generations.

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Genotype refers to the genetic constitution of an individual, while phenotype refers to the observable traits or characteristics resulting from the genotype and environment.