SACE Biology - Topic 4 Evolution: Genetic Variation (4-4)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the notes on genetic variation and evolution.

Mutation

A permanent change in the sequence of DNA

Causes of mutation

-Miscopying during DNA replication

-high temperatures

-mutagenic chemicals

-viruses

-radiation.

Exons

Coding regions of a gene that are expressed to make the protein.

Introns

Non-coding sequences within a gene that are removed during RNA processing.

Independent assortment

During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes assort independently into gametes - increasing genetic variation.

Natural selection

Process by which advantageous traits increase an organism’s reproductive success - changing allele frequencies over generations.

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

A genetic disease caused by a recessive allele.

Sickle cell mutation

A single base substitution in the beta-globin gene causing altered hemoglobin and sickle-shaped red blood cells.

LRP5 and osteoporosis

Mutations in the LRP5 gene can reduce bone density, leading to osteoporosis and mineral loss from bones.

Peppered moth (natural selection)

An example where camouflage changes due to environmental soot/carbon pollution shift which moth colour is favored, illustrating selection.

What’s Darwin’s Theory

Naturalist who proposed evolution via natural selection; variation provides reproductive advantage, leading to adaptation.

Evolution

Changes in allele frequencies in a population over generations due to processes like natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow.

Genetic drift

Random changes in allele frequencies

Gene flow

Movement of alleles between populations due to migration.