IB History Hitler

Germany's post WW1 Democracy attempt:

Weimar Republic

Weimar Republic's weaknesses:

no democratic tradition, proportional representation, Pres. Hindenburg abused his power to rule by decree.

Pres. Hindenburg citied what provision:

Article 48

The two groups who refused to work together, prior to the Nazi Party:

The German Socialist Party(SPD) and the German Communist Party(KPD)

Germans blamed the Weimar Republic for:

Germany's defeat in WW1 and the humiliating terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

Treaty of Versailles

ended WW1. War Guilt Clause, loss of imperialist and domestic lands and reparations to the Allies.

When Germany began to print more money to pay the reparations:

inflation occurred.

Volksgemeinschaft

Hitler's belief that the state is supreme and comes before any other loyalty.

Social Darwinism

great nations, individuals and races will ride to the top to the benefit of the future of humanity.

Lebensraum

expresses the idea that the "superior" German race needs living space.

Pan-Germanism; Herrenvolk

asserted the supremacy of the Germanic Aryan peoples. Furthermore, these groups should be united.

Hitler believed that Democracy:

gives undue power to weaker people and leads to mediocrity and Marxism.

Anti-Feminism

Fuhrer's belief that women's role should be the source of future Aryans.

Anti-Marxism

feels that Marxism is a weak philosophy that weakens nations by rewarding mediocrity.

Anti-Semitism

belief that Jewish people were "utermenschen" and deserved persecution.

Blood and Soil

belief that blood of the community is rooted in the soil.

Fuherprinzip

the leaders will is the source of political authority and national strength.

Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated his throne and a Republic was declared under the leadership of:

Friedrich Ebert

Hitler effectively used German hatred of ___________________________ to gain support.

the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, the loss of the war, and the stab in the back myth.

Stab in the Back Myth

claims Germans were on the verge of winning WWI when the gov't was overthrown by supporters of the Weimar Republic.

Nazi's claim that the leadership of Weimar was guided by:

Jews and Marxist.

Hitler was seen as a:

stabilizing force.

Dawes Plan

Germany borrowed money from the US in 1924.

In 1929 the ___________ sent the world's economy into decline.

US Depression

The US Depression affected the world because:

the US was the largest importer and exporter of goods.

Hitler re-instilled a sense of pride in the Germans drawing on tales of:

the "glorious" past tied to ethnic and biological pseudoscience.

Joseph Goebbels

Hitler's chief propagandist.

Hitler portrayed the Beer Hall Putsch as:

patriotism not treason.

Hitler was given the position of ________ in 1933.

chancellor

Hitler blamed the Reichstag Fire of 1933 on the:

communist.

After the Reichstag Fire of 1933 communist were:

rounded up. This gave the Nazis a majority in the Parliament.

The Nazis formed an alliance with the Catholic Centre Party and the DNVP. The ______________ was passed and this gave Hitler dictatorial power for 4 years.

Enabling Act of 1933

In 1933 all ______________ were forced to disband.

non-Nazi political parties.

Nazification

the elimination of all parties/ groups that might limit Nazi power.

All right leaning parties were:

absorbed into the Nazi coalition.

All socialist trade unions were replaced with the:

German Labor Front.

Teachers had to join the:

National Socialist Teachers League.

The Night of the Long Knives

saw the elimination of any perceived threat to the Nazis.

Hitler's elite __ became the dominant force in Germany.

SS

When Pres. Hindenburg died the military was also:

firmly in line with Hitler.

Joseph Goebbels portrayed the Night of the Long Knives as:

Hitler saving the country and increasingly he was seen as deriving his power from the people and not the law.

In 1933 Joseph Goebbels was placed in charge of the:

Ministry for Popular Entertainment and Propaganda.

6 chambers of the Ministry for Popular Entertainment and Propaganda:

press, radio, theatre, music, film, and creative arts.

__________ and ____________ permeated every element of society.

Censorship and disinformation

Eher Verlag bought up:

private newspapers.

_____ of the press owned by 1939.

two-thirds

Reich Broadcasting Corporation was set up in 1933, they:

controlled all that was heard on the radio.

Radios were intentionally:

sold at low cost, and they received only approved stations.

__% of households had a radio by 1939.

70

The official salute in Nazi Germany:

Heil Hitler

1935 Nuremberg Laws

deprived Jews/Gypsies of the rights to German citizenship and placed limitations on the type of careers a non-Aryan could have.

1935 Nuremberg Laws (cont.)

forbade marriages and sex between Germans and Jews/Gypsies. Laws eventually extended to blacks as well.

Mischlings

German's of mixed German/Jewish or Gypsy parentage

Kristallnacht 1938

a 17 year old Jewish German kills a German diplomat in Paris. Night of violence against Jews. Storm troopers attack synagogues, homes and businesses.

Many Jewish families migrated out of Germany between 1934 and 1939 as a result of:

being shut out of theaters, universities, sports facilities, schools, and cinemas.

Jews were put into:

ghettos

Ghettos were filled with:

disease and starvation.

Wannsee Conference 1/20/1942

Nazis met to determine the "Final Solution to the Jewish question." Set in place the Holocaust.

Holocaust

name given to the Nazi attempt to kill all Jews.

During the Holocaust Jews were:

rounded up and gassed to death, and their bodies burned in ovens. Young people would be worked to death as slave labor.

Some of the camps:

Buchenwald, Auschwitz, Dachau, and Treblinka

The Holocaust hurt the Germans war effort because:

it diverted valuable resources from battle towards genocide.

When the camps were liberated German townspeople were:

forced to bury the bodies to witness what their gov't did.

The youth in Germany was required to join the:

Hitler Youth

Members of the Hitler Youth were:

encouraged to spy on their parents and taught Nazi values of "sacrifice, discipline, and honor."

Nazi education under the auspices of the Reich Education Ministry focused on Germanic History, Racial Biology, Racial Darwinian Evolution as:

a means to convey "Aryan supremacy"

All _______ science was brushed off.

Jewish

Nazi expectation for a German women:

focused on their role as homemaker and mother. Have large families. Work was discouraged and "non-feminine" clothing like pants were frowned upon.

Christians disliked the Nazis:

placing man above God, their violent tendencies and Hitler's efforts to limit Christian political influence.

The _______________ was largely divided.

Protestant Church

In 1933 Hitler set up the:

Reich Church

September 1933, a group of 100 pastors headed by Martin Niemoller set up the:

Pastors' Emergency League.

Pastors' Emergency League

used to resist German Christians and their influence, and defend traditional Lutheranism.

The concordat signed by the Nazis and the Centre Party:

allowed the Nazi regime to have formal recognition by the Vatican.

Relations between the Nazis and the Centre Party began to sour between 1933-1939 because:

Nazis began to interfere via propagandizing clergy and insulting religious practice to encourage anti-Catholic feelings.

By 1939 Catholic schools, organizations, and Societies were:

almost completely eradicated.

Pope Pius XI is issued an encyclical "with burning anxiety" which:

attacked Nazi beliefs.

Pope Pius Xll failed to condemn Nazism outright and:

Has been criticized for his tolerance of the Nazi regime.