Lecture Review: Solutions and Aqueous Reactions

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on solutions and aqueous reactions, including definitions, equations, and types of reactions.

What happens when table salt is mixed with water?

The salt seems to disappear, creating a homogeneous mixture known as a solution.

What is a solute?

The minor component of a solution.

How is molarity (M) calculated?

Molarity is calculated as the amount of solute (in moles) divided by the volume of solution (in liters).

What does a dilute solution contain?

A dilute solution has a small amount of solute compared to the solvent.

What is the equation for solution dilution?

C1V1 = C2V2, where C is concentration and V is volume.

What defines a strong electrolyte?

A strong electrolyte completely dissociates into ions in solution.

Give an example of a weak electrolyte.

Weak acids and weak bases partially dissociate into ions in solution.

What is a precipitate?

A solid that forms when two aqueous solutions are mixed and produce an ionic compound that is insoluble in water.

What is the difference between a molecular equation and a complete ionic equation?

A molecular equation shows the neutral formulas while a complete ionic equation includes all dissolved ions.

What occurs during an acid-base reaction?

An acid and a base neutralize each other, typically producing water and a salt.

What is a titration?

A titration is a method where a solution of known concentration (titrant) is added to a solution of unknown concentration until the reaction reaches its endpoint.

What are redox reactions?

Reactions in which electrons are transferred from one reactant to another.

What does it mean for a substance to be oxidized?

Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons and an increase in oxidation number.

What distinguishes a reducing agent?

The reducing agent is the substance that provides electrons and is oxidized in the reaction.

What characterizes a combustion reaction?

Combustion reactions involve O2 as a reactant and produce energy, often in the form of heat.