FACTS AND TERMS IB HOA: unit 1

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Mercantilism

Euproean mother countries had regulations on their trade to maximize England’s power and wealth

Calvinists

16th- century Protestand theological system john calvin that centers on the absolute sovereignty of God and the doctrine of predestination—the belief that God has already determined who will be saved (the "elect") and who will be damned.

Separatists

People who wanted to have a seperate, or different church, (pilgrims/puritans)

Treaty of Tordesillas

1492 Agreement between Portugal and Spain to create the Line of Demarcation

Halfway Covenant

1662 church policy allowing baptized but unconverted puritan parents to have their children baptized wihtout receiving full church memberhsip

Congregationalsm

church system where earch local congregation selected its minister and managed its own affairs

salem wich trials

outbreak of witchcraft accusations in mass.achu. 19 hangings

scotish-irsh

Scottish Prebysterians who settled in northern ireland before migrating to america and settling largely along the colonial frontier

John Peter Zenger

ny printer whose 1735 acquittal for publishing criticism of the govt. became an importnat step toward freedom of the press

The great awakening

between 1730s and 40s that caused personal conversion and renewed religious enthusiasm throughout the colonies

Tolelration Act of 1649

maryland law that protected the freedom of worship of christians who accepted the divinity of jesus

Dominion of New England

govt. that combined several northern colonies under governer edmund andros before collapsing in 1689

navigation acts

English laws that restricted colonial trade and required many goods to be transported in English ships or traded through England.

Leisler's Rebellion

Jacob Leisler's seizure of New York's government from 1689 to 1691 during the political turmoil surrounding the Glorious Revolution.

Plymouth Plantation

The colony established in present-day Massachusetts by the Pilgrims in 1620 and repeatedly governed by William Bradford.

jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in America 1607

Mayflower Compact

A 1620 agreement signed by forty-one male Mayflower passengers that created a civil government for Plymouth.

Headright System

A system granting fifty acres of land to settlers and additional land to people who paid for immigrants' passage to Virginia.

London Company

A stock company that financed and established Jamestown before being renamed the Virginia Company.

Enclosure Movement

The conversion of English farmland into fenced sheep pastures that displaced tenant farmers and increased poverty and migration.

Jonathan Edwards

A leading Great Awakening preacher who emphasized predestination and salvation through God's grace.

Roger Williams

A Puritan dissenter who supported separation of church and state and founded Rhode Island after being banished from Massachusetts.

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan dissenter banished from Massachusetts after challenging the religious authority of the colony's ministers.

Barbados Slave Code

1661 law that gave enslavers extensive control over enslaved Africans and influenced slave codes in other English colonies.

Royal African Company

An English trading company chartered in 1672 that held a monopoly over much of England's African slave trade.

Stono Rebellion

A 1739 uprising in which enslaved South Carolinians seized weapons and marched toward freedom in Spanish Florida before being defeated.

Anglican Church

The official Church of England headed by the English monarch.

Puritans

English Protestants who wanted to purify the Church of England by simplifying worship and reforming church leadership.

Bacon's Rebellion

1676 Virginia uprising led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor William Berkeley over frontier land Native policy and political power.

Quakers

who believed in an Inner Light supported greater spiritual equality and generally opposed violence.

Indentured Servants

People who worked for a master for a fixed number of years in exchange for passage to America and basic support.

House of Burgesses

Virginia's elected representative assembly that first met at Jamestown on July 30 1619.

City Upon a Hill

John Winthrop's description of Massachusetts Bay as a holy community that would serve as a model for others.