Acids, Bases, and Salts Flashcards

Flashcards about acids, bases, and salts.

Acid

A compound which, in aqueous solution, produces hydrogen ions as the only positive ions.

Base

A substance which contains oxide (O2-) or hydroxide (OH-) ions and which reacts with an acid to form a salt and water only.

Alkali

A soluble base.

Properties of Acids

Have a sour taste, turn moist blue litmus red, turn Universal Indicator red, orange or yellow, produce carbon dioxide with carbonates, produce hydrogen gas with most metals, dissolve in water to form solutions which conduct electricity, corrosive.

Properties of Alkalis

Have a soapy feel (caustic), turn moist red litmus to blue, turn Universal indicator blue-green, blue or violet, produce hydrogen gas with aluminum (only strong alkalis), dissolve in water forming conducting solutions, react with acids forming a salt and water only.

Acidic Oxide

The oxide of a non-metal which reacts with bases to form a salt and water only.

Acid Anhydride

An acidic oxide which dissolves in water to form an acid.

Basic Oxide

Oxide of a metal which reacts with acids to form a salt and water only.

Neutral Oxide

Oxide of a non-metal which neither reacts with acids nor bases.

Amphoteric Oxide

Oxide of a metal which reacts with both acids and bases.

Indicator

A substance which has one colour in acidic solutions and another colour in alkaline solution.

pH scale

Used to determine the strength of an acid or an alkali. It measures the number of H+ or OH- ions in solution, on a scale of 1 to 14.

Salt

An ionic compound formed when metal or ammonium ions take the place of some or all of the replaceable hydrogen ions of an acid.

Acid Salt

A salt formed by incomplete replacement of the hydrogens of an acid.

Normal Salt

Formed when all the hydrogen ions(H +) of an acid, have been replaced by metal ions or by the ammonium ions (NH4 +)

Qualitative Analysis

Used to identify the constituents of a substance (such as an unknown salt) or mixture of substances.

Temperature's Effect on Solubility

Gases become less soluble in each other and in water, but more soluble in organic solvents, as temperature rises.

Polarity's Effect on Solubility

Solutes dissolve in solvents that have a similar polarity.

Pressure's Effect on Solubility for Gases (Henry's Law)

Solubility of gas is directly proportional to the pressure of this gas.

Molecular Size's Effect on Solubility

Larger molecules are less soluble because it is more difficult for solvent molecules to surround them.