Micro ch 12--the Eukaryotic members of the microbial world

mycology

the study of fungi

vegetative structures

body parts of an organism

spores

reproductive structures

hyphae

tiny filaments that form the body parts of fungi

mycelium

visible structure of fungi

yeasts

one celled fungi

reproduce by budding

can use oxygen, aerobic respiration, and fermentation

sacchromyces

yeast used to make alcohol and bread

molds

multicelled filamentous fungi

usually reproduce by emiting spores

capable of fermentation and aerobic respiration

some produce peninsilan

some cause disease

dismorphism

2 forms of growth: mold or yeast like

2 ways fungi reproduce

release a bud or fragment of themselves or through spores

spores

DNA surrounded by a cell wall

can be sexual and asexual

nutritional characteristics of fungi

can live in acidic enviroments

low amounts of moisture

degrade wood

can live with high osmotic pressure (high salt/sugar concentration)

mycosis

fungal infection

systemic mycosis

fungal infection throughout the whole body or in a deep organ

subcutaneous mycosis

fungal infection beneath the skin

cutaneous mycosis

fungal infection in the epidermis, hair, or nails

occurs through direct contact

superficial mycosis

fungal infection that lives on the surface

usually occurs in the tropics

planktonic algae

free floating microscopic plants

dinoflagellates

single celled algea with flagella

produces neurotoxins

capable of “red tide”

euglenoid

single celled algae with a flagella

capable of eating an animal

diatoms

single celled algae with complex cell walls and many geometric shapes

brown algae

multicelled plants that live in the water

produce algin, which is used as a thickener in foods

example: kelp

red algae

multicelled plants that live deeper in the ocean

where we get agar and carageenan

green algae

single or multicelled plants that live in the water surface

lichen

fungi and green algae living together

mutualism

the algae does photosynthesis and the fungi absorbs water

mutualism

a relationship in which both benefit

slime molds

organism that are fungal-like and animal-like

live on soil or decaying wood, sometimes on leaves

can join together and form a sludge that is capable of moving

plasmodium

large mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei

moves like a giant ameoba

protozoans

single celled animals

most live in water

sarcodina

ameobas

move by using pseudopods

entamoeba histolytica

sarcodina

if humans drink water with this organism

affects the intestines

eats red blood cells and cause dysentery

mastigophera

move with a flagellum

giardia lamblia

a mastigophera

infects the intestines

produces abdominal pain

trichomonas

a mastigophera

sexual and urinary tract infection

form of a urinary disease

trypanosoma

a mastigophera

causes African sleeping sickness

transmitted through insect bites

ciliata

move by cellium

balantidium coli

a ciliata

causes dysentery

sporozoa

cannot move

intracellular movement

plasmodium

a sporozoa

clauses malaria, which is transmitted by mosquitoes

toxoplasma

a sporozoa

seen in children and women who play with cats, infected when they are scratched by cats

schizogony

fission

the cell forms many nuclei, the cytoplasm separates

protozoans do this to reproduce

cyst

a protozoan in a reproductive capsule

helminthes

worms

multicellular

can be micro or gross

dioecious

a helminthe

male and female reproductive organs are in separate individuals

hermaphroditic

a helminthe

male and female reproductive organs in a single individual

definitive host

a helminthe

harbors the adult form of a worm

intermediate host

a helminthe

harbors the developmental embryonic form of the worm

platyhelminthes

flat worms

have an incomplete digestive system (only have the mouth)

trematodes

platyhelminthe

“flukes”

have flat bodies with suckers

paragonimus

trematode

the lung fluke

organisms ingest it, and it goes to the lungs

schistosoma

trematode

burrows through the skin to the blood stream

cestodes

platyhelminthe

tape worms

have segemnts called a proglottids and a head called a scolex

teania

cestode

the beef tapeworm

forms a break in meat, segments can break off with feces

echinococcus

cestode

dog and cat tapeworm

humans are intermediate hosts, so the worm migrates either to the lung or the brain

called the hydatid cyst on the lung/brain

nematode

round worms

smooth body with tapered ends

enterobius

nematode

the pin worm

the female lays eggs on the anus at night

necator

nematode

hook worm

larvae penetrates the skin, enters the blood and goes to the lungs, where you cough it up and then swallow it so that it enters the intestines

trichinella

nematode

forms cysts in pork and bear meat

anthropods

animals with jointed legs

many are insects, some are crustaceans

some are worms

carriers of microbes