Vertebrates

depth perception

Forward- looking eyes close together on the face, providing ________= binocular vision.

Ovoviviparous

________: The embryo develops within the uterus and is nourished by the egg yolk.

Amniotes

________: tetrapods that have a terrestrially adapted egg.

aquatic gnathostomes

In ________, the lateral line system, which is sensitive to vibrations.

Chordates

________ have a tail posterior to the anus.

Gnathostomes

________: vertebrates that have jaws.

separate movement

A neck, which allows ________ of the head.

Oviparous

________: Eggs hatch outside the mothers body.

tail

The ________ contains skeletal elements and muscles.

swim bladder

Fishes control their buoyancy with an air sac known as a(n) ________.

flat nails

Most primates have hands and feet adapted for grasping, and ________.

Developmental change

________ prevented ossification of cartilage.

amniotic egg

The ________, which contains membranes that protect the embryo.

Pharyngeal clefts

________: grooves in the pharynx that develop into slits that open to the outside of the body.

Notochord

________: a longitudinal, flexible rod between the digestive tube and nerve cord.

aquatic craniates

In ________ the pharyngeal clefts evolved into gill slits.

Mammals

________: amniotes that have hair and produce milk.

Craniates

________ have a heart with at least 2 chambers, red blood cells with hemoglobin, and kidneys.

embryonic development

In many species, the tail is greatly reduced during ________.

Tetrapods

________: gnathostomes that have limbs.

extraembryonic membranes

The ________ are the amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois.

skeletal support

It provides ________ throughout most of the length of a chordate.

Shark eggs

________ are fertilized internally but embryos can develop in different ways.

nerve cord

The ________ develops into the central nervous system: the brain and the spinal chord.

Chordates

________ have a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord.

amniotic eggs

The ________ of most reptiles and some mammals have a shell.

Gnathostomes

________ have jaws that might have evolved from skeletal supports of the pharyngeal slits.

Craniates

________: chordates that have a head.

Amniotes

________ have other terrestrial adaptations, such as relatively impermeable skin and the ability to use the rib cage to ventilate the lungs.

Craniates

________ have two clusters of Hox genes; lancelets and tunicates have only one cluster.

Gnathostomes

________ include sharks and their relatives, ray- finned fishes, lobe- finned fishes, amphibians, reptiles (including birds), and mammals.

Amniotes

________ are a group of tetrapods whose living members are the reptiles, including birds, and mammals.

Notochord

a longitudinal, flexible rod between the digestive tube and nerve cord

The nerve cord develops into the central nervous system

the brain and the spinal chord

Pharyngeal clefts

grooves in the pharynx that develop into slits that open to the outside of the body

Craniates

chordates that have a head

Neural crest

a collection of cells near the dorsal margins of the closing neural tube in an embryo

Vertebrates

chordates with a backbone

Gnathostomes

vertebrates that have jaws

Oviparous

Eggs hatch outside the mothers body

Ovoviviparous

The embryo develops within the uterus and is nourished by the egg yolk

Viviparous

The embryo develops within the uterus and is nourished through a yolk sac placenta from the mothers blood

Actinopterygii

ray-finned fish

Actinistia

coelacanths

Dipnoi

lungfish

Tetrapods

gnathostomes that have limbs

Amniotes

tetrapods that have a terrestrially adapted egg

Mammals

amniotes that have hair and produce milk

Strepsirrhini

wet noses, no fur at tip

Haplorrhini

dry, furry nose

Hominoidea

gibbons, gorillas, orangutans, chimpanzees and humans