Unit 7: West and Central Asia, 500 BCE–1980 CE

studied byStudied by 100 people
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

Muhammad (570?-632)

1 / 55

56 Terms

1

Muhammad (570?-632)

The Prophet whose revelations and teachings form the foundation of Islam

New cards
2

Quran

the Islamic sacred text, dictated to the Prophet Muhammad by the Angel Gabriel

New cards
3

Calligraphy

decorative or beautiful handwriting

New cards
4
<p>Arabesque</p>

Arabesque

a flowing, intricate, and symmetrical pattern deriving from floral motifs

New cards
5

Kufic

a highly ornamental Islamic script

New cards
6
<p>Tessellation</p>

Tessellation

decoration using polygonal shapes with no gaps

New cards
7

Jali

perforated ornamental stone screens in Islamic art

New cards
8

Pyxis

a small cylinder-shaped container with a detachable lid used to contain cosmetics or jewelry

New cards
9

Shahnama, or The Book of Kings

a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Firdawsi between c. 977 and 1010 c.e

New cards
10

Qibla

the direction toward Mecca which Muslims face in prayer

New cards
11

Mecca and Medina

Islamic holy cities;

New cards
12

Mecca

is the birthplace of Muhammad and the city all Muslims turn to in prayer;

New cards
13

Medina

is where Muhammad was first accepted as the Prophet, and where his tomb is located

New cards
14

Minaret

a tall, slender column used to call people to prayer

New cards
15

Muezzin

an Islamic official who calls people to prayer traditionally from a minaret

New cards
16

Hypostyle

a hall that has a roof supported by a dense thicket of columns

New cards
17
<p>Mihrab</p>

Mihrab

a central niche in a mosque, which indicates the direction to Mecca

New cards
18

Muqarna

a honeycomb-like decoration often applied in Islamic buildings to domes, niches, capitals, or vaults

New cards
19

Iwan

a rectangular vaulted space in a Muslim building that is walled on three sides and open on the fourth

New cards
20

Madrasa

a Muslim school or university often attached to a mosque

New cards
21

Mausoleum

a building, usually large, that contains tombs

New cards
22

Minbar

a pulpit from which sermons are given

New cards
23

Squinch

the polygonal base of a dome that makes a transition from the round dome to a flat wall

New cards
24

Voussoirs (pronounced "vōō-swar")

a wedge-shaped stone that forms the curved part of an arch; the central voussoir is called a keystone

New cards
25

Hajj

an Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca that is required of devout Muslims as one of the five pillars of Islam

New cards
26

Muqarnes

an ornamental and intricate vaulting placed on the underside of arches

New cards
27

Sahn

a courtyard in Islamic architecture

New cards
28

Hypostyle mosque

no central focus, no congregational worship

New cards
29

Charbagh

a rectangular garden in the Persian tradition that is based on the four gardens of Paradise mentioned in the Quran

New cards
30

Prophet Muhammad

The _____’s powerful religious message resonated deeply with Arabs in the seventh century, and so by the end of the Umayyad Dynasty in 750 C.E., North Africa, the Middle East and parts of Spain, India, and Central Asia were converted to Islam or were under the control of Islamic dynasties.

New cards
31

Abbasid Caliphate

The Islamic world expanded under the ____, which ruled a vast empire from their capital in Baghdad.

New cards
32

Apprenticeships

____ were exacting, making students master everything including the manufacture of ink and the correct posture for sitting while writing.

New cards
33

acanthus and split leavesscrolling vinesspirals, wheelszigzags.

Favorite arabesque motifs

New cards
34

straightedge and compass

All of these designs, no matter how complicated, were achieved with only ______.

New cards
35

central point

Patterns seem to radiate from a _____, although any point can be thought of as the start.

New cards
36

geometric elements

Islamic mathematicians were thinkers of the highest order; ____ reinforced their idea that the universe is based on logic and a clear design.

New cards
37
<p>Pyxis of al-Mughir</p>

Pyxis of al-Mughir

Horror vacui.Intricately carved container made from elephant ivory. Container for expensive aromatics

New cards
38
<p>Folio from a Qur’an, Arab</p>

Folio from a Qur’an, Arab

The title of each chapter is scripted in gold. Kufic script; strong uprights and long horizontals. Illustrated is the heading of sura 29 (al-’Ankabūt, or “The Spider”) in gold.

New cards
39
<p>Basin (Baptistère de Saint Louis)</p>

Basin (Baptistère de Saint Louis)

Designed by Muhammad ibn al-Zain. Original use is for ceremonial hand washing. Hunting scenes alternate with battle scenes along the side of the bowl.

New cards
40
<p>The Ardabil Carpet</p>

The Ardabil Carpet

Designed by Maqsud of KashanPrayer carpet used at a pilgrimage site of a Sufi saint. Wool carpet, woven by ten people, probably menWool pile of 5,300 knots per 10 cm. sq

New cards
41

Bahram Gur

He was an ancient Iranian king from the Sassanian dynasty. He represents the ideal king; wears a crown and a golden halo.

New cards
42

karg

is a kind of unicorn or horned wolf he fought during his trip to India.

New cards
43
<p>Bahram Gur Fights the Karg</p>

Bahram Gur Fights the Karg

Folio from the Great Il-Khanid Shahnama, Islamic; Persian. The original story by Firdawsi was written around 1010. Commissioned by a high-ranking Ilkhanid court official

New cards
44
<p>The Court of Gayumars</p>

The Court of Gayumars

The original story by Firdawsi was written around 1010. Folio from the text called the Great Ilkhanid Shahnama or the Book of Kings, a Persian epic. Produced for the Safavid ruler of Iran, Shah Tahmasp I Whole book contains 258 illustrated pages.

New cards
45
<p>The Kaaba</p>

The Kaaba

Rededicated by Muhammad in 631–632Multiple renovations; granite masonry, covered with silk curtain, and calligraphy in gold and silver-wrapped threadbeen built by Ibrahim and Ishamel for God

New cards
46
<p>Dome of the Rock</p>

Dome of the Rock

Pilgrimage site for the faithful. Not a mosque; its original function has been debated. Meant to rival the Christian church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, although it was inspired by its domed rotunda. Erected by Abd al-Malik

New cards
47
<p>Great Mosque (Masjid-e Jameh)</p>

Great Mosque (Masjid-e Jameh)

Muslim mosque. Each side of the courtyard, or sahn, has a centrally placed iwan; may be the first mosque to have this feature. This mosque is nestled in an urban center; many gates give access. The mosque’s outside walls share support with other buildings.

New cards
48

qibla iwan

is the largest and most decorative in the great mosque; its size indicates the direction to Mecca.

New cards
49

Southern iwan

is an entry for a private space used by the sultan and his retinue; its dome is adorned by decorative tiles; this contains the main mihrab of the mosque.

New cards
50
<p>Great Mosque (Umayyad Dynasty)</p>

Great Mosque (Umayyad Dynasty)

The site was originally a Roman temple dedicated to Janus, then a Visigothic church, and then the mosque was built. Complex dome with elaborate squinches was built over the mihrab; it was inspired by Byzantine architecture. Kufic calligraphy on walls and vaults.

<p>The site was originally a Roman temple dedicated to Janus, then a Visigothic church, and then the mosque was built. Complex dome with elaborate squinches was built over the mihrab; it was inspired by Byzantine architecture. Kufic calligraphy on walls and vaults.</p>
New cards
51

Alcazaba

oldest section and is visible from the exterior.double-walled fortress of solid and vaulted towers ­containing barracks, cisterns, baths, houses, storerooms, and a dungeon.

New cards
52
<p>Alhambra</p>

Alhambra

Small, low-bubbling fountains in each room contribute to cool temperatures in the summer. Inspired by the Charbagh gardens from Persia. Light, airy interiors; fortress-like exterior. Contains palaces, gardens, water pools, fountains, courtyards.

New cards
53
<p>Court of the Lions</p>

Court of the Lions

Form Built by Muhammad V between 1370 and 1391. Intricately patterned and sculpted ceilings and walls. Central fountain supported by 12 protective lions; animal imagery permitted in secular monuments. Parts of the walls are chiseled through to create vibrant light patterns within.

New cards
54
<p>Hall of the Sisters</p>

Hall of the Sisters

Sixteen small windows are placed at the top of hall; light dissolves into a honeycomb of stalactites hanging from the ceiling. Perhaps used as a music room or for receptions.The hall was built by order of Mohammed V.

New cards
55
<p>Mosque of Selim II</p>

Mosque of Selim II

Designed by Mimar SinanInspired by Hagia Sophia, but a centrally planned building. Open airy interior contrasts with conventional mosques that have partitioned interiors.

<p>Designed by Mimar SinanInspired by Hagia Sophia, but a centrally planned building. Open airy interior contrasts with conventional mosques that have partitioned interiors.</p>
New cards
56
<p>Taj Mahal</p>

Taj Mahal

Built as the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal, Shah Jahan’s wife; the shah was interred next to her after his death. Translated to mean “crown palace.” Grounds represent a vast funerary garden, the gardens found in heaven in the Islamic tradition.

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 9 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 34 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 19 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 68 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 20122 people
... ago
4.7(88)
note Note
studied byStudied by 7 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
4.0(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (50)
studied byStudied by 33 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (30)
studied byStudied by 11 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (47)
studied byStudied by 9 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (79)
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (43)
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (212)
studied byStudied by 11 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (24)
studied byStudied by 136 people
... ago
4.5(2)
flashcards Flashcard (41)
studied byStudied by 18 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot