Studied by 6 people
Epidermologist
Studies and investigates health related matters
How to resolve outbreak (steps)
recieve call, gather initial info, facility extends full invitation, arrives and conducts additional testing, analyzes info and conducts risk factors, reccomend steps for prevention, implement recs, make adjustments as needed
microbiome
microorganisms in a particular environment
Sporadic disease
Disease occurs suddenly and irregularly
Nosocomial Disease
Infection acquired in hospital
Outbreak
Sudden increase of a disease in a localized area
Endemic
Disease present in a community/population
Pandemic
Endemic that spreads past multiple boarders
Infection
Disease causing organism invades and grows in another host
Host
Organism where another organism lives
Pathogen
Disease- causing organism (ex: bacteria)
Disease
Infection impairs bodily function
Virulence
How easy a disease is to catch
High virulence
easy to catch
Low virulence
harder to catch
Normal flora/microbiota
Bacteria that lives in and on us
Microbes
Tiny agents
Prions- what is it
nonliving, submicroscopic, bad protien
Exposure- prions
Through infected meat and medical equiptment
What happens to body- Prions
Protiens in brain fold abnormally
Diagnosing Prions
Through MRI, EEG, cerebrospinal fluid analysis
Example of prions
Mad cow disease (dementia, psychosis, coma)
Virus- what is it
nonliving, submicroscopic, outer protien shell
How Diagnosed- virus
physical exam and labs
Exposure through- virus
touch, saliva, blood, sexual contact
Treatment- virus
Antivirals
What does it do- virus
Infect and take over host cells protien synthesis process
What is bacteria
living, microscopic, unicellular prokaryotic organism
What does bacteria do
Invade cells causing tissue damage, producing toxins
Exposure- bacteria
through orfice (nose and mouth), wound, normal flora imbalance
Diagnosing bacteria
Lab tests and physical exam
Treating bacteria
Antibiotics
Ex bacteria
tuberculosis (cough, chest pain, coughing up blood)
Whats a protist
living, microscopic, single celled eukaryotic animal like organism
What do protist do to body
Deprive organs of essential nutrients and cause organ and tissue damage
Exposure for protists
Through contaminated food/water with feces from infected organism
Diagnosing protists
Examine fecal material for protists
Treating protists
Antiprotozoal
Ex of protists
giardiasis (parasites in shells outside intestines)
What is fungi
living, multicellular, eukaryote like yeast
What does fungi do to body
Cause tissue damage
Diagnosing fungi
tissue exam of infected area
treating fungi
Antifungals
ex of fungi
athletes foot
Helminths- what are they
living, multicellular, eukaryotic worms- micro OR macroscopic
What does helminths do to the body
Deprive host of nutrients in food causing tissue and organ damage
Exposure- helminths
Contaminated food/water
Diagnosing helminths
Microscopic exam of fecal material
Treating helminths
deworming medications
ex of helminths
tape worms (nausea, weight loss, abdominal pain)
Susceptible host
Person vulnerable to infection
For a host to encounter an agent it must first leave its __________. What does that word mean?
reservoir, previous location
Agent of disease examples
Prions, bacteria
Reservoir examples
People, animals
Portal of Exit and entry examples
GI Tract, Respritory system, skin
mode of transmission examples
direct, indirect
Direct contact
host touches infected person, exposed to bodily fluids
Indirect contact
Host inhales infected particles, touches infected object, or is bitten by an infected insect
Infectious dose
# of organism it takes to cause illness following exposure
Low infectious dose (how much needed, how strong)
less needed, stronger the virus
Covid 19 structure
M, S, and E protien
Acute Respritory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Lining of air sacs and blood vessles around them become damaged (oxygen is blocked by fluid)
Innate immunity
nonspecific defense your born with (tears, stomach acid, fever, inflammation)
Aquried Immunity:
Specific defense aquired over time, respond to certain antigens
Active Immunity
Aquired from getting the disease or a vaccine
Passive Immunity
Aquired from mother (placenta and breast feeding)
All types of immune defense
Innate, acquired, active, passive, natural, artificial
Natural immunity
built from getting the disease
Artificial immunity
built from getting the vaccine
Herd Immunity
Most people in community get a vaccine, so non vacc are also protected
Whats R- naught
term to measure how infectious an agent is
ce
T- cell
type of WBC the body sends to kill infection
B-cell
type of WBC that builds antibodies to the disease
Ro<1
1 sick person on average will infect less than 1 person
Ro=1
1 sick person on average will infect 1 person
Ro>1
1 sick person on average will infect indicated amount
Agent of disease impacts ________ _______.
infectious dose
Stronger agent →______ infectious dose →____ at infecting/takes _____ for infection
lower, better, less
etiology
Cause of disease or condition
What helps identify bacteria
the way they grow, their morphology, shape of cells and their ability to metabolize
Petri dish
Clear container used to culture bacteria
Bacteria colonies
groups bacteria grow in
What pron
Binary fusion
Bacteria repeatidly divides resulting in colonies
Aseptic tecnique
Process of preventing contamination
Morphology
Bacterias shape
Isolation streak
Isolating bacteria
Charecteristics of bacteria
Form, elevation, margin
Antigens
Foreign material that invades the body
Antibodies
Protiens that aid in destroying infectious agents
RNA Virus
Virus where genetic info is stored as RNA instead of DNA
Whats unique about RNA Viruses
They can cross special barriers
Genus
How bacteria is named
Vibiro
Comma shaped bacteria
Purple/blue gram stain
Gram positive
Pink gram stain
Gram negative
Gram negative
thin cell wall, two cell membranes, pink/red, 1 layer peptidoglycan
Gram positive
Thick cell wall, 1 cell membrane, multiple layers of peptidoglycan
Note 
Flashcard (28)