3.1

PBS 3.1

Epidermologist

Studies and investigates health related matters

How to resolve outbreak (steps)

recieve call, gather initial info, facility extends full invitation, arrives and conducts additional testing, analyzes info and conducts risk factors, reccomend steps for prevention, implement recs, make adjustments as needed

microbiome

microorganisms in a particular environment

Sporadic disease

Disease occurs suddenly and irregularly

Nosocomial Disease

Infection acquired in hospital

Outbreak

Sudden increase of a disease in a localized area

Endemic

Disease present in a community/population

Pandemic

Endemic that spreads past multiple boarders

Infection

Disease causing organism invades and grows in another host

Host

Organism where another organism lives

Pathogen

Disease- causing organism (ex: bacteria)

Disease

Infection impairs bodily function

Virulence

How easy a disease is to catch

High virulence

easy to catch

Low virulence

harder to catch

Normal flora/microbiota

Bacteria that lives in and on us

Microbes

Tiny agents

Prions- what is it

nonliving, submicroscopic, bad protien

Exposure- prions

Through infected meat and medical equiptment

What happens to body- Prions

Protiens in brain fold abnormally

Diagnosing Prions

Through MRI, EEG, cerebrospinal fluid analysis

Example of prions

Mad cow disease (dementia, psychosis, coma)

Virus- what is it

nonliving, submicroscopic, outer protien shell

How Diagnosed- virus

physical exam and labs

Exposure through- virus

touch, saliva, blood, sexual contact

Treatment- virus

Antivirals

What does it do- virus

Infect and take over host cells protien synthesis process

What is bacteria

living, microscopic, unicellular prokaryotic organism

What does bacteria do

Invade cells causing tissue damage, producing toxins

Exposure- bacteria

through orfice (nose and mouth), wound, normal flora imbalance

Diagnosing bacteria

Lab tests and physical exam

Treating bacteria

Antibiotics

Ex bacteria

tuberculosis (cough, chest pain, coughing up blood)

Whats a protist

living, microscopic, single celled eukaryotic animal like organism

What do protist do to body

Deprive organs of essential nutrients and cause organ and tissue damage

Exposure for protists

Through contaminated food/water with feces from infected organism

Diagnosing protists

Examine fecal material for protists

Treating protists

Antiprotozoal

Ex of protists

giardiasis (parasites in shells outside intestines)

What is fungi

living, multicellular, eukaryote like yeast

What does fungi do to body

Cause tissue damage

Diagnosing fungi

tissue exam of infected area

treating fungi

Antifungals

ex of fungi

athletes foot

Helminths- what are they

living, multicellular, eukaryotic worms- micro OR macroscopic

What does helminths do to the body

Deprive host of nutrients in food causing tissue and organ damage

Exposure- helminths

Contaminated food/water

Diagnosing helminths

Microscopic exam of fecal material

Treating helminths

deworming medications

ex of helminths

tape worms (nausea, weight loss, abdominal pain)

Susceptible host

Person vulnerable to infection

For a host to encounter an agent it must first leave its __________. What does that word mean?

reservoir, previous location

Agent of disease examples

Prions, bacteria

Reservoir examples

People, animals

Portal of Exit and entry examples

GI Tract, Respritory system, skin

mode of transmission examples

direct, indirect

Direct contact

host touches infected person, exposed to bodily fluids

Indirect contact

Host inhales infected particles, touches infected object, or is bitten by an infected insect

Infectious dose

# of organism it takes to cause illness following exposure

Low infectious dose (how much needed, how strong)

less needed, stronger the virus

Covid 19 structure

M, S, and E protien

Acute Respritory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Lining of air sacs and blood vessles around them become damaged (oxygen is blocked by fluid)

Innate immunity

nonspecific defense your born with (tears, stomach acid, fever, inflammation)

Aquried Immunity:

Specific defense aquired over time, respond to certain antigens

Active Immunity

Aquired from getting the disease or a vaccine

Passive Immunity

Aquired from mother (placenta and breast feeding)

All types of immune defense

Innate, acquired, active, passive, natural, artificial

Natural immunity

built from getting the disease

Artificial immunity

built from getting the vaccine

Herd Immunity

Most people in community get a vaccine, so non vacc are also protected

Whats R- naught

term to measure how infectious an agent is

ce

T- cell

type of WBC the body sends to kill infection

B-cell

type of WBC that builds antibodies to the disease

Ro<1

1 sick person on average will infect less than 1 person

Ro=1

1 sick person on average will infect 1 person

Ro>1

1 sick person on average will infect indicated amount

Agent of disease impacts ________ _______.

infectious dose

Stronger agent →______ infectious dose →____ at infecting/takes _____ for infection

lower, better, less

etiology

Cause of disease or condition

What helps identify bacteria

the way they grow, their morphology, shape of cells and their ability to metabolize

Petri dish

Clear container used to culture bacteria

Bacteria colonies

groups bacteria grow in

What pron

Binary fusion

Bacteria repeatidly divides resulting in colonies

Aseptic tecnique

Process of preventing contamination

Morphology

Bacterias shape

Isolation streak

Isolating bacteria

Charecteristics of bacteria

Form, elevation, margin

Antigens

Foreign material that invades the body

Antibodies

Protiens that aid in destroying infectious agents

RNA Virus

Virus where genetic info is stored as RNA instead of DNA

Whats unique about RNA Viruses

They can cross special barriers

Genus

How bacteria is named

Vibiro

Comma shaped bacteria

Purple/blue gram stain

Gram positive

Pink gram stain

Gram negative

Gram negative

thin cell wall, two cell membranes, pink/red, 1 layer peptidoglycan

Gram positive

Thick cell wall, 1 cell membrane, multiple layers of peptidoglycan