Philippine History: Cultural, Economic, and Political Issues

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to Philippine history, focusing on social, political, economic, and cultural issues as outlined in the lecture notes.

Agrarian Reform

The rectification of the whole system of agriculture in the Philippines, focusing on the relationship between production and land distribution among farmers.

Malolos Constitution

The first Philippine Constitution drafted in 1899, which established the form of the government during the First Philippine Republic.

Constitutional Convention

A gathering of elected representatives tasked with drafting or amending a constitution.

Federalism

A form of government where a central authority shares power with constituent political units, potentially leading to more local governance.

Preamble

An introduction to the constitution that outlines its purposes and guiding principles.

Citizen Assemblies

Gatherings of citizens convened to make decisions on constitutional matters, often used in place of formal plebiscites.

Encomienda System

A colonial system where Spanish encomenderos were granted lands and the labor of the local population, leading to exploitation.

Hacienda System

An agricultural landholding system developed during Spanish colonialism, leading to a class of wealthy landowners and impoverished tenant farmers.

People’s Initiative

A method by which citizens can propose amendments to the constitution through a petition.

The 1987 Constitution

The current constitution of the Philippines that established a democratic republican state, adopted after the end of martial law.

Biak-na-Bato Constitution

Provisional constitution of the Philippine Republic during the Philippine Revolution, promulgated in 1897.

Martial Law

A period during which the military takes control of normal administration, often associated with authoritarian rule, as seen in the Philippines under Marcos.

Political Rights

Rights that ensure individuals can participate in the political life of their country, such as the right to vote and run for office.

Commonwealth Constitution

The constitution that governed the Philippines from 1935 to 1946, established under American colonial rule.

Social Justice

The equitable distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society, aimed at achieving fairness.

Constitutional Amendments

Changes or additions made to the constitution that are legally ratified.

Supreme Court Justices

Judges appointed to the highest court in the Philippines, responsible for upholding the constitution and interpreting laws.