Developmental Conditions & Mucosal Lesions Flashcards

A set of 100 vocabulary flashcards covering developmental conditions and mucosal lesions from Oral Pathology II.

Cleft Lip

A condition occurring in approximately $1$ in $1,000$ births caused by the lack of fusion between the medial nasal process and maxillary process.

Cleft Palate

A condition occurring in approximately $1$ in $2,000$ births caused by the lack of fusion between the palatal shelves.

Van der Woude Syndrome

A condition characterized by the presence of both clefts and lip pits.

Lip Pits

Invaginations occurring at the commissures or near the midline of the lips.

Fordyce Granules

Ectopic sebaceous glands commonly found on the buccal or labial mucosa that are completely benign.

Leukoedema

A white or whitish-gray edematous lesion of the buccal mucosa that dissipates when the cheek is stretched.

Lingual Thyroid

A thyroid tissue mass located at the midline base of the tongue along the embryonic path of thyroid descent.

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

A midline neck swelling located along the embryonic path of thyroid descent due to an improper path.

Geographic Tongue

Also known as benign migratory glossitis or erythema migrans, it presents as white annular lesions surrounding central red islands that migrate over time.

Fissured Tongue

A condition characterized by folds, furrows, or deep prominent grooves on the dorsum of the tongue.

Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome

A syndrome defined by the triad of fissured tongue, granulomatous cheilitis, and facial paralysis.

Angioma

Tumors composed of blood vessels or lymph vessels, such as cherry angiomas or hemangiomas.

Cherry Angioma

Also known as Campbell de Morgan spots, these are small red moles often called senile angiomas.

Hemangioma

A congenital focal proliferation of capillaries that often undergoes involution.

Lymphangioma

A congenital focal proliferation of lymph vessels, characterized by purple spots on the tongue in oral presentations.

Cystic Hygroma

A lymphangioma that occurs specifically in the neck.

Sturge-Weber Syndrome

Also called encephalo-trigeminal angiomatosis, it involves angiomas of the leptomeninges and skin along the trigeminal nerve distribution.

Exostoses

Excessive cortical bone growth protruding from the jaw.

Dermoid Cyst

A mass with a doughy consistency containing adnexal structures like hair and sebaceous glands, found in the midline floor of the mouth or upper neck.

Branchial Cyst

A lateral neck swelling consisting of an epithelial cyst within a cervical lymph node, lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

Oral Lymphoepithelial Cyst

The mouth equivalent of a branchial cyst, found within lymphoid tissue of the oral mucosa, commonly in the palatine or lingual tonsils.

Stafne Bone Defect

A radiolucency in the posterior mandible below the mandibular canal caused by a lingual concavity of the jaw.

Nasopalatine Duct Cyst

A heart-shaped radiolucency in the nasopalatine canal caused by the cystification of canal remnants.

Globulomaxillary Lesion

A clinical term for any radiolucency found between the maxillary canine and lateral incisor.

Traumatic Bone Cyst

Also called a simple bone cyst, it is a large radiolucency scalloped around roots with no epithelial lining (dead space) often seen in teenagers.

Linea Alba

A white line on the buccal mucosa representing focal hyperkeratosis due to chronic friction.

Erosion

An incomplete break in the oral epithelium.

Ulcer

A complete break through the oral epithelium.

Nicotine Stomatitis

A condition where the palate shows red dots which are inflamed salivary duct openings; it is premalignant only if related to reverse smoking.

Amalgam Tattoo

The traumatic implantation of amalgam particles into the mucosa, appearing as tiny radiopaque particles on an x-ray.

Smoking-associated Melanosis

Brown, diffuse, irregular macules typically in the anterior gingiva caused by chemicals in tobacco stimulating melanocytes.

Melanotic Macule

A benign freckle of the mucosa representing hyperpigmentation in the mucous membrane.

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

A condition characterized by mucosal freckles (melanotic macules) and intestinal polyps.

Hairy Tongue

A condition caused by the elongation of the filiform papillae.

Dentifrice-associated Sloughing

Oral tissue sloughing related to the surfactant ingredient sodium lauryl sulfate found in toothpastes.

Submucosal Hemorrhage

Extravascular lesions that do not blanch, including petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis, and hematoma.

Petechiae

Small submucosal hemorrhages measuring approximately $1\,mm$ in size.

Purpura

Submucosal hemorrhages that are slightly larger than petechiae.

Ecchymosis

A bruise or submucosal hemorrhage measuring $1\,cm$ or larger.

Hematoma

A mass of blood within the tissue, often caused by trauma like an anesthetic needle.

Primary HSV

A pan-oral, self-limiting childhood infection caused by the herpes simplex virus.

Trigeminal Ganglion

The site where the Herpes Simplex Virus and Varicella Zoster Virus remain latent.

Herpes Labialis

Also known as a cold sore or fever blister, it is a recurrent extraoral herpes infection on the vermillion border.

Recurrent Intraoral Herpes

A herpes reactivation occurring specifically on keratinized tissue such as the attached gingiva and hard palate.

Herpetic Whitlow

A herpes simplex infection located on the finger.

Herpes Gladiatorum

A herpes simplex infection occurring on the head.

Varicella

Also known as chicken pox, it is the primary, self-limiting childhood infection of the Varicella Zoster Virus.

Herpes Zoster

Also known as shingles, it is the recurrent form of the Varicella Zoster Virus.

Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome

Herpes zoster reactivation in the geniculate ganglion affecting cranial nerves VII and VIII, causing facial paralysis and deafness.

Hand Foot and Mouth Disease

A viral infection caused by the Coxsackie virus.

Herpangina

A Coxsackie virus infection characterized by lesions in the posterior oral cavity, such as the soft palate and tonsils.

Measles (Rubeola)

A childhood infection characterized by Koplik's spots preceding a skin rash.

Koplik's Spots

Small dot ulcers on the buccal mucosa that precede the skin rash in measles.

Papilloma

A benign epithelial pedunculated or sessile proliferation caused by several strains of HPV.

Verruca Vulgaris

The common skin wart caused by several strains of HPV.

Condyloma Acuminatum

A genital wart caused by HPV $6$ and $11$ that can occur orally due to sexual contact.

Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia

Also known as Heck's Disease, it is caused by HPV $13$ and $32$ and presents as multiple small dome-shaped warts.

Oral Hairy Leukoplakia

A white patch on the lateral tongue that does not wipe off, caused by EBV and associated with HIV and Burkitt's Lymphoma.

Syphilis

A bacterial infection caused by contact with Treponema pallidum.

Chancre

The primary lesion of syphilis, appearing $10$-$90$ days after exposure.

Oral Mucous Patch

A secondary syphilis lesion resembling snail tracks.

Condyloma Latum

Heaped-up, wart-like lesions occurring during the secondary stage of syphilis.

Gumma

Ulcerating granulomas on the skin, bone, and internal organs seen in tertiary syphilis.

Hutchinson's Triad

A sign of congenital syphilis characterized by notched incisors, mulberry molars, deafness, and ocular keratitis.

Tuberculosis

An infection caused by the inhalation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, resulting in oral non-healing chronic ulcers.

Ghon Complex

A primary lung lesion consisting of a granuloma with caseating necrosis plus an infected hilar lymph node.

Miliary Tuberculosis

A term describing the systemic spread of tuberculosis.

Actinomycosis

A chronic, granulomatous opportunistic infection caused by the filamentous bacteria Actinomyces israelii.

Sulfur Granules

The characteristic yellow findings in the purulent exudate (pus) of actinomycosis.

Scarlet Fever

A systemic infection caused by Group A strep (Streptococcus pyogenes) characterized by a strawberry tongue.

Strawberry Tongue

A white-coated tongue with red inflamed fungiform papillae seen in scarlet fever.

Candidiasis

Also known as thrush, it is an infection caused by Candida species, categorized into pseudomembranous and atrophic types.

Pseudomembranous Candidiasis

A form of thrush characterized by white plaques that rub off, leaving underlying erythema.

Atrophic Candidiasis

A red form of candidiasis, such as median rhomboid glossitis.

Median Rhomboid Glossitis

An atrophic candidiasis lesion characterized by a loss of lingual papillae on the midline tongue.

Angular Cheilitis

A candidal infection occurring at the corners of the mouth.

Leukoplakia

Flat white lesions that cannot be brushed off and have malignant potential, warranting a biopsy.

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

The surfactant ingredient in toothpaste linked to mucosal sloughing.

Acyclovir

The medication typically used to treat HSV and VZV infections, especially during the prodromal period.

Treponema Pallidum

The bacterium responsible for causing syphilis.

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

The bacterium responsible for causing tuberculosis.

Rifampicin

A tuberculosis drug known to cause red-orange secretions and urine as a side effect.

Isoniazid

A tuberculosis drug known to cause peripheral neuritis as a side effect.

Ethambutol

A tuberculosis drug known to cause visual problems as a side effect.

Streptomycin

A tuberculosis drug known to be ototoxic as a side effect.

HPV 16 and 18

High-risk strains of the human papillomavirus responsible for most HPV-related cancers.

HPV 6 and 11

Low-risk strains of the human papillomavirus commonly causing genital warts and condyloma acuminatum.

Reed Sternberg Cell

The characteristic B-cell type found in Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

The virus responsible for oral hairy leukoplakia, infectious mononucleosis, and Burkitt’s Lymphoma.

Stomatitis

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth.

Medial Nasal Process

The embryonic structure that fails to fuse with the maxillary process in cleft lip.

Palatine Shelves

The structures that fail to fuse together in the development of a cleft palate.

Focal Hyperkeratosis

A localized thickening of the keratin layer, as seen in Linea Alba.

Diascopy Test

A test used to differentiate vascular lesions (which blanch) from extravascular hemorrhages (which do not blanch).

Geniculate Ganglion

The ganglion where the Varicella Zoster Virus reactivates in Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome.

Gonneorhea

A bacterial infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which rarely presents as oral pharyngitis.

Campbell de Morgan Spots

Another name for cherry angiomas or red moles.

Ectopic Sebaceous Glands

The histopathological term for Fordyce Granules found in the oral mucosa.

Reverse Smoking

A practice where the lighted end of a cigarette is held in the mouth, making nicotine stomatitis premalignant.

Doughy Consistency

The physical feeling used to describe the mass of a dermoid cyst.