medical terminology chp 4

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to human body systems, tissues, and cavities, providing definitions for each term.

muscle

Body tissue that is able to contract and expand, allowing movement.

connective tissue

The fibrous substance that holds and connects body parts together; examples include bones, ligaments, and tendons.

nerve tissue

Tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to all parts of the body.

epithelial tissue

Tissue that covers the internal and external body surfaces, such as skin and internal organs.

system

Groups of organs that work together to perform one of the body's major functions.

integumentary system

The system consisting of the skin and accessory structures such as hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands.

musculoskeletal system

The system that supports the body; protects organs; provides body movement, and includes muscles, bones, and cartilage.

cardiovascular system

The system that includes the heart and blood vessels, which pump and transport blood throughout the body.

respiratory system

The body system that includes the lungs and airways and performs breathing.

nervous system

The system that regulates most body activities and sends and receives messages from the sensory organs.

urinary system

The system that includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra; it eliminates metabolic waste and helps maintain balance.

reproductive system

The system that controls reproduction and heredity and is classified into male and female.

blood

A fluid that circulates in the cardiovascular system, carrying nutrients and waste.

lymphatic system

A system that includes lymph and the glands and vessels that are responsible for immune responses.

immune system

The system that defends the body against infectious organisms and other invaders.

digestive system

The organs that digest food and excrete waste.

endocrine system

The system that includes glands that secrete hormones regulating many of the body's activities.

sensory system

The system that covers the parts of the body involved in the reactions of the five senses.

cranial cavity

Space that holds the brain.

vertebral canal

Space that houses the spinal cord.

thoracic cavity

Space in the chest that holds the lungs and heart.

abdominopelvic cavity

Space that combines the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.

diaphragm

The muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

pelvic cavity

The bottom portion of the abdominal cavity, containing the reproductive system.