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Insulators
Materials that prevent the movement of electrons, typically non-metals like oil, fur, wool, silk, plastic, wood, and pure water.
Conductor
Materials that allow the movement of electrons, with examples like the human body, earth, salt water, and metals.
Battery/Source
Provides chemical energy to the circuit.
Load
Device that converts electrical energy into another form of usable energy, such as light bulbs or motors.
Switch
Device that controls the electric current, allowing it to be turned on or off.
Conducting Wire
Connects all components of the circuit and allows electricity to flow.
Ammeter
Device used to measure electric current, must be in series with the load, and set to the highest current setting.
Voltmeter
Used to measure potential difference, must be connected in parallel, and shows voltage drops across loads or sources.
Ohmmeter
Device used to measure resistance, placed in parallel with a load.
Resistor
Device that reduces the flow of electric current, like a dimmer switch.
Potential Difference/Voltage
The difference in electric potential energy measured at two points before and after current passes through.
Resistance
Ability of a substance to slow down electric current flow, creating heat, with factors like length, cross-sectional area, temperature, and material affecting it.
Fuse
Safety mechanism in a circuit that blows if it overheats.
Renewable Resource
Natural energy source that is unlimited or replenished relatively quickly.
Non-Renewable Resource
Resource that cannot be replaced as quickly as it is consumed.
Alternative Energy
Energy from natural and renewable sources like solar or wind.
Ohm's Law
Describes the relationship between resistance, voltage, and current in a circuit.
