Skeletal System Study Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering anatomy, functions, joint types, bone growth dynamics, and fracture types from the lecture notes.

Cranium

Protects the brain.

Mandible

Jaw bone used for physical chewing.

Clavicle

Collar bone.

Scapula

Supports the upper limb, located near the shoulder.

Pelvis

Supports vital organs and aids in movement.

Radius

Bone that allows movement of the forearm and thumb rotation.

Vertebrea

Bones for spines that protect the spinal cord.

Femur

Enables movement such as walking.

Humerous

Helps with reaching and lifting the upper arm.

Rib

Protects the lungs and heart.

Coccyx

Serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments.

Patella

Front of the knee for protection.

Tibia

Thin lower bones that provide protection.

Joint

The connection formed where $2$ bones come together.

Axial Skeleton

The middle upward center structure needed to survive, consisting of the skull, cranium, spinal cord, ribs, sternum, and vertebrae.

Appendicular Skeleton

The outside skeletal structure consisting of limbs and how limbs are attached.

Cartilage

Strong, flexible tissue that supports joints and allows for smooth movement.

Tendons

Connective tissue connecting muscle to bone for movement.

Ligaments

Connective tissue connecting bone to bone for balance.

Marrow

Found in bone cavities; produces white blood cells and is responsible for blood cell formation.

Adult Bone Count

An adult human skeleton consists of $206$ bones.

Shades Protect Men From Selling Blood

Mnemonic device to remember the $5$ main functions of the skeletal system: Shape, Protection, Movement (levers), Storage (fat), and Blood cell formation (marrow).

Immovable Joints (Fixed Joints)

Joints that allow little to no movement, such as skull sutures.

Pivot Joint

A joint where one bone rotates in a ring of a bone that does not move, such as in the neck and forearm.

Ball and Socket Joint

A joint where a ball fits into a cup, found in the shoulders and hips.

Hinge Joint

A joint that has a back and forth like movement, found in the elbow and knees.

Gliding Joint

A joint where bones slide over each other, found in the ankles, wrists, and spine.

Epiphyseal Growth Plates

Structures responsible for bone growth driven by sex hormones and human growth hormone during puberty; bone growth stops when these close.

Weight Bearing Exercise

Exercises like running, walking, yoga, and weight lifting that help bones become strong in response to gravity and blood calcium.

Age $30$ Bone Threshold

The age up until which bone growth is faster than bone destruction.

Transverse Fracture

A fracture that breaks across the bone (like a trans Atlantic flight).

Oblique Fracture

Diagonal fracture across the bone.

Spiral Fracture

A fracture pattern described as unraveling.

Comminuted Fracture

A fracture where the bone is shattered.

Avulsion Fracture

A fracture where a piece of bone is pulled off.

Impacted Fracture

A fracture where one part of the bone goes into the rest of the bone.

Fissure Fracture

Also known as a hairline fracture; a break located on the surface of the bone.

Compression Fracture

A fracture caused by lots of pressure.

Depression Fracture

A fracture where the bone is indented in like an eggshell.