Cam 19 Test 4 ( Passage 1: The impact of climate change on butterflies in Britain )

according to (prep)

theo như | According to scientists, climate change is affecting many species.

conservationists (n)

những nhà bảo tồn | Conservationists are trying to protect endangered butterflies.

populations (n)

các quần thể, số lượng cá thể | Butterfly populations have declined in recent years.

species (n)

loài | Many species are unable to adapt to rapid climate change.

unpredictable (adj)

khó đoán, không thể dự đoán | The weather has become increasingly unpredictable.

knock-on effect (n)

hiệu ứng dây chuyền | The decline of insects may have a knock-on effect on the entire ecosystem.

ecosystem (n)

hệ sinh thái | Every living organism plays a role in the ecosystem.

caterpillars (n)

sâu bướm | Caterpillars feed mainly on leaves and other plant material.

insects (n)

côn trùng | Many birds and bats depend on insects for food.

consume (v)

tiêu thụ | Caterpillars consume large quantities of plant material.

vast quantities (n)

số lượng lớn | The factory consumes vast quantities of water.

plant material (n)

vật chất thực vật | Some insects survive by eating plant material.

in turn (adv)

đến lượt mình, từ đó | Caterpillars feed birds, which in turn become prey for larger animals.

prey (n)

con mồi | Small insects are common prey for birds and bats.

bats (n)

dơi | Bats usually hunt for insects at night.

small mammals (n)

động vật có vú nhỏ | The forest is home to many small mammals.

arming themselves with (v.phrase)

tự trang bị cho mình bằng | Scientists are arming themselves with more reliable information.

halt (v)

ngăn chặn, dừng lại | Immediate action is needed to halt the decline in butterfly numbers.

reverse (v)

đảo ngược | It may be difficult to reverse the damage caused by climate change.

at any given time (phr)

vào bất kỳ thời điểm nào | The temperature can change suddenly at any given time.

deal with (v.phrase)

đối phó với, xử lý | Some species are better able to deal with warmer temperatures.

ensuring (v)

đảm bảo | Protecting natural habitats is essential for ensuring the survival of butterflies.

reproduce (v)

sinh sản | Butterflies need suitable conditions to reproduce successfully.

timing (n)

thời điểm | The timing of a butterfly’s emergence is extremely important.

phenology (n)

hiện tượng sinh thái theo mùa | Phenology examines seasonal changes in plants and animals.

advance (v/n)

diễn ra sớm hơn; sự tiến triển | Warmer temperatures may advance the emergence of butterflies.

observed (v)

được quan sát | Similar changes have been observed throughout Britain.

wide range (n)

phạm vi rộng, nhiều loại | The researchers studied a wide range of butterfly species.

to some extent (phr)

ở một mức độ nào đó | Most species can adapt to environmental changes to some extent.

average spring temperature (n)

nhiệt độ trung bình mùa xuân | The average spring temperature has risen over the last twenty years.

roughly (adv)

xấp xỉ, khoảng | The butterflies appeared roughly six days earlier.

on average (adv)

trung bình | Temperatures increased by one degree on average.

keep in line with (v.phrase)

duy trì phù hợp với, theo kịp | Butterflies must adjust their life cycles to keep in line with rising temperatures.

cooler temperatures (n)

nhiệt độ mát hơn | Some butterfly species survive better in cooler temperatures.

well equipped (adj.phrase)

được trang bị tốt, có đủ khả năng | Flexible species are well equipped to cope with environmental changes.

cope with (v.phrase)

đối phó với | Many animals cannot cope with rapid changes in temperature.

adjust to (v.phrase)

điều chỉnh, thích nghi với | Butterflies need time to adjust to warmer conditions.

under stress (adj.phrase)

đang chịu áp lực | Some butterfly populations are under stress because of habitat loss.

dragged along (v.phrase)

bị kéo theo | Less flexible species are dragged along by environmental changes.

unwillingly (adv)

một cách miễn cưỡng | He unwillingly accepted the new arrangement.

unnaturally (adv)

một cách bất thường, không tự nhiên | The butterflies emerged unnaturally early.

seeking to (v.phrase)

tìm cách, nhằm mục đích | Researchers are seeking to understand the effects of climate change.

pulled together (v.phrase)

tập hợp lại | Scientists pulled together records from different sources.

records (n)

dữ liệu, hồ sơ ghi chép | The researchers examined butterfly records collected over several decades.

submitted by (v.phrase)

được gửi bởi | The observations were submitted by local volunteers.

enthusiasts (n)

những người đam mê | Wildlife enthusiasts recorded butterflies across Britain.

observing (v)

quan sát | The volunteers spent many years observing butterflies in the wild.

Great Britain (n)

Vương quốc Anh | The study collected information from across Great Britain.

estimated (v)

ước tính | Researchers estimated the size of each butterfly population.

abundance (n)

sự phong phú, số lượng dồi dào | The study measured the abundance of different butterfly species.

distribution (n)

sự phân bố | Climate change is affecting the distribution of many animals.

across this time (phr)

trong suốt khoảng thời gian này | Butterfly numbers changed considerably across this time.

crucially (adv)

một cách then chốt, quan trọng nhất | Crucially, not every species responded in the same way.

subtle (adj)

nhẹ, khó nhận thấy, tinh tế | Scientists discovered subtle changes in butterfly behaviour.

adult butterfly (n)

bướm trưởng thành | An adult butterfly usually feeds on nectar.

analyzing (v)

phân tích | Researchers are analyzing data from thousands of observations.

variable (n)

biến số | Temperature was an important variable in the study.

flexible (adj)

linh hoạt, có khả năng thích nghi | Flexible species can adapt more easily to environmental change.

emergence (n)

sự xuất hiện | Warmer weather can cause the earlier emergence of butterflies.

driven by (v.phrase)

được thúc đẩy, gây ra bởi | The change was mainly driven by rising temperatures.

northwards extent (n)

mức độ mở rộng về phía bắc | Researchers measured the northwards extent of each species.

dainty (adj)

nhỏ nhắn, thanh tú | The dainty butterfly has delicate orange wings.

colonies (n)

quần thể, đàn | Several butterfly colonies were found in the woodland.

hundred strong (phr)

có số lượng khoảng một trăm | The butterfly colony was nearly a hundred strong.

summer generations (n)

các thế hệ vào mùa hè | Some butterflies can produce several summer generations.

complete a cycle (v.phrase)

hoàn thành một chu kỳ | The insects need enough time to complete a cycle.

reproductive cycle (n)

chu kỳ sinh sản | Higher temperatures may shorten the reproductive cycle.

population growth (n)

sự gia tăng quần thể | Earlier emergence may result in faster population growth.

restricted (adj)

bị hạn chế | The species is restricted to a small area of woodland.

emerging earlier (v.phrase)

xuất hiện sớm hơn | Some butterflies are emerging earlier because of warmer springs.

worryingly (adv)

một cách đáng lo ngại | Worryingly, specialist species are continuing to decline.

specialize in (v.phrase)

chuyên về, chỉ thích nghi với | Some butterflies specialize in living in woodland habitats.

specific habitat types (n)

những kiểu môi trường sống cụ thể | These species depend on specific habitat types.

preferred diet (n)

chế độ ăn ưa thích | Climate change may affect the butterfly’s preferred diet.

tended to (v.phrase)

có xu hướng | Specialist butterflies tended to decline more rapidly.

at harm (adj.phrase)

có nguy cơ bị tổn hại | Species with limited habitats are particularly at harm.

described as (v.phrase)

được mô tả là | The butterfly was described as highly sensitive to temperature changes.

found only in (v.phrase)

chỉ được tìm thấy ở | This rare species is found only in ancient woodland.

coppiced woodland (n)

rừng được khai thác theo chu kỳ | The butterfly mainly lives in coppiced woodland.

limestone pavement (n)

địa hình đá vôi | Several rare plants grow on limestone pavement.

single-generation (adj)

chỉ có một thế hệ mỗi năm | Single-generation species have fewer opportunities to reproduce.

undoubtedly (adv)

chắc chắn, không còn nghi ngờ gì | Climate change has undoubtedly affected butterfly populations.

sole cause (n)

nguyên nhân duy nhất | Rising temperatures are not the sole cause of the decline.

downfall (n)

sự suy tàn, suy sụp | Habitat destruction contributed to the species’ downfall.

capacity (n)

khả năng, năng lực | Some butterflies have a greater capacity to adapt.

continental Europe (n)

châu Âu lục địa | The species is widely found throughout continental Europe.

sufficiently (adv)

đủ, một cách đầy đủ | The climate may eventually become sufficiently warm.

continues to warm (v.phrase)

tiếp tục ấm lên | The butterfly may spread northwards as Britain continues to warm.

switch to (v.phrase)

chuyển sang | Some species may switch to producing two generations each year.

multiple generations (n)

nhiều thế hệ | Warmer conditions allow some butterflies to produce multiple generations.

extract benefits (v.phrase)

tận dụng, thu được lợi ích | Flexible species can extract benefits from warmer weather.

additional warmth (n)

sự ấm lên thêm, lượng nhiệt tăng thêm | Some butterflies benefit from the additional warmth.

potentially (adv)

có khả năng, có thể | Climate change could potentially benefit certain species.

more immediately (adv)

trực tiếp hơn, ngay lập tức hơn | Conservationists must act more immediately to protect vulnerable habitats.

knowledge (n)

kiến thức, sự hiểu biết | Better knowledge can help people protect endangered species.

spot (v)

nhận ra, phát hiện | Volunteers are trained to spot signs of population decline.

warning sign (n)

dấu hiệu cảnh báo | A sudden fall in numbers may be a warning sign.

sought-after (adj)

được săn tìm, được nhiều người mong muốn | The rare butterfly has become highly sought-after by photographers.

experienced (v)

trải qua | Several species have experienced a serious decline.

considerable decline (n)

sự suy giảm đáng kể | The butterfly population has suffered a considerable decline.