Unit 9: Creating Sustainable Cities

Since the _____, there has been a great increase in urban spaces

1950s

Globally, most places became urban in ______ 2009 vs in the U.S in _______

Globally2009

U.S. 1920

John Borchert’s Transportation Epochs –
Environment

▪ Sail-wagon epoch (1790-1830)
▪ Iron horse epoch (1830-1870)
▪ Steel rail epoch (1870-1920)
▪ Auto-air-amenity epoch (1920-1960)

Natural Accessibility Resources

Natural resources like waterways that allow for greater accessibility

What is a sail wagon? when was the sail-wagon epoch

A boat

1790s- 1830s

Land transportation:

places that can be reached by rivers are places that grow in the beginning

Examples of Inland water ways

great lakes, places that have access to rivers

what is an ironhorse

train

The key to urban growth during the 18302-1870ss was the expansion of the _______ of already-existing port cities by constructing railroad lines and expanding in areas behind the frontier of settlement

hinterlands

____areas are important to steel rail epoch

coal ritch

Mix of Environmental Effects from Urban Resource Consumption

• Urbanization can preserve land:

• Resource Sinks: Cities have goods and raw materials transported in
• Efficiency: Fossil Fuels
• More consumption
• Urban heat island effect:

• Heat trapped by buildings keeps urban cores warmer at night.

• Lack of trees means less shade and less evapotranspiration to help cool the air.

• Waste heat from factories, buildings, and vehicles adds to ehat isalnd effects '

• Dark rooftops retain heat

• Dark roads and asphalt parking lots retain heat

• Impermeable surfaces reduce surface moisture

1920-1960s: Auto-air-amenity epoch

Air plane

_____ state is known for the auto-air-ementiy epoch

michigan

Mid-twentieth century move toward the _______

Subarbs

• Suburban landscapes are largely car-dependent

• More privacy, less noise, more space

Urban/Suburban Sprawl

The rapid expansion of the geographic extent of cities and towns, characterized by low-densit residential housing, single-use zoning, and increased reliance on the private automobile for transportation

Impacts of Sprawl seen in

• Transportation
• Pollution
• Health
• Land Use
• Economics

Urban and Regional Planners try to Curb Sprawl

Key tools used by planners to shape cities:
• Zoning
• Urban growth boundaries
• Smart growth
• New urbanist planning
• Increasing green spaces

the U.S.’s infrastructure is ____ compared to other citites

behind