CAR MIDTERMS

Aristotle said:

Humans have instincts for imitation and harmony
These instincts are "lying deep in our nature"
Human beings are the most imitative of living creatures
Humans learn and experience pleasure through imitation

Art is...

The human pursuit to imitate life and the world into something pleasing or beautiful
An imitation of life and the world rendered beautifully, which gives pleasure

Picture

This is a two-dimensional image of various subjects ranging from real-life images to the visually abstract
It may be created using different media such as chalk, charcoal, graphite, ink, oil, paint, and watercolor.

Drawing

Creating a picture with a variety of tools, in most cases pencils, crayons, pens, or markers. Artists draw on different types of surfaces, like paper.

Painting

Often called the most important form of visual art. It is about putting colors on a canvas or a wall. Painters express their ideas through a mixture of colors and different brush strokes.

Printmaking

Art that is made by covering a plate with ink and pressing it on the surface of another object. Today prints are mostly produced on paper but originally, they were pressed onto cloth or other objects.

Photography

Making pictures by letting light through the lenses of a camera onto a film

Sculpture

A three-dimensional artwork that may be created using stone, marble, wood, and concrete.

Architecture

Structures that are meant to be used as shelter
Relies on design and the purpose of the structure

Literature

Art form of language through the combined use of words, creating meaning and experience

Music

Appeals to the sense of hearing
Composed by combining notes into harmony

Dance

Art of the human form
Body is used, mobilized and choreographed in a specific time, form, and space.
Theatre art form of performance
portrayed on stage by dramatic texts are actors, and are enhanced by props, lights, and sounds

Cinema

technological translation of theatre
special effects are utilized to enhance the storytelling

Filipinoness

Colonial History
Migrant Reality

Plethora of Influences

Chinese
Malay
Japanese
Americans
Spaniards

Factors

Migrant Reality
Globalization
Adaptation to foreign culture

"The idea was that the depiction of scenes of everyday life and the surroundings without Idealizing them was closest in spirit to the Filipino soul and native soil."

Leo Benesa

Leo Benesa

Filipino Poet, Essayist, Art Critic

Idealizing

Artwork should not be represented as perfect

authenticity of the artwords
Art can be considered Filipino when it depicts the Filipino way of living

Doubts in the Filipino-ness claims of Benesa

AUTHENTICITY
use of canvas, paintbrush, easel
use of English language in literature
advancement in information technology and communication

J.Paul Getty Museum

Made and produced by artists living today
Artist's work that responds to a global environment
Culturally diverse
Advancing Technology
Multifaceted

Contemporary art

A world view, and is sensitive to the changing times
Not restricted to the individual experience of the artist but is reflective of the world we live in

Appropriation

Existing artworks are appropriated to form another artwork
The use of these prints, images, and icons to produce another art form is a feature of contemporary art
Combining the past with the present
The contemporary artist revives interest to existing forms of art

Performance

Has evolved to emphasize spontaneous, unpredictable elements of chance
Interpreting various human activities, from ordinary activities such as chores, routines and rituals, to socially relevant themes such as poverty, commercialism and war

Space

Site Specific Art Forms
Performed in specific spots, especially in public places

Hybridity

Mixing of the unlikely materials to produce an artwork

Technology

Used in the creation and dissemination of works of art
MTV in 1981, then Youtube posting and sharing videos
Video and internet are used in propagating art

"The feeling that all is possible in the contemporary, conceived as a constantly extending and deepening constellation of art."

Dr. Patrick Flores
Dr. Patrick Flores Art Critic, Curator
Contemporary Art permits possibilities of exploring either subject or medium in art to express the Filipino sense of self.
At present, Filipinos are becoming more and more aggressive as they use the arts to express themselves and create wonderful artworks that try to capture the Filipino way of life

Contemporary art

is not intended to be reduced to conventional notions of space and medium
Contemporary Artists have brought their artworks into the streets, in public, because in contemporary times, the main feat of any art primarily depends on how the art is able to connect with spectators

Architecture

"Much of what we see, in terms of Iconic buildings in the Philippines nowadays, is either designed by foreigners, or are derivative designs mimicking copies of western forms." Arch. Paulo Alcazaren

Globalization

Threatens Philippine Architecture by bringing designs made by foreign architects.

Literature

Contains the diasporic experience and the incorporation of the rural and the urban experience

Rolando Tinio

Poet, Dramatist, Director, Actor, Critic, Essayist, and Educator.

Dean Francis Altar

Award-winning writer
Pioneer the speculative fiction movement
Published the Philippine Speculative Fiction series

Miguel Syjuco

Man Asian
Literary Prize
Novel: Illustrado

Marivi Soliven

The Mango Bride
Published in 2013
Under Penguin Books

Sophia Lee

2014 Scholastic Asian
Book Award Winner
What Things Mean

Flash Fiction

Stories of 1000 words or less
Vince Groyon's: Very short stories for Harried Readers
Anvil Publishing's: Fast Food Fiction Delivery

Contemporary Filipino writers are continuing to struggle with low readership among the public, and the domination of foreign titles in the market.
Despite the odds, they continue to write without fail.

Philippine Theatre
Contemporary Philippine Theatre

Still alive despite the dominance of television, movies, and the internet
Cecile Guidote-Alvarez
Founder of Philippine Educational Theater Association (PETA) in 1967
Advocates the use of Filipino Theatre in inspiring change and development in society

University-based theatre groups

Dulaang UP

UP Diliman

Ateneo Blue Repertory

(ADMU, Katipunan)

Teatro Tomasino

(UST Manila)

Virgin Labfest

Created in 2004 by Rody Vera
Playwright's festival of untried, untested, unpublished plays
Collaboration of NCCA, CCP, TP, The Writer's Block

Philippine Visual Arts

Visual Arts

Bold expressions of personal feelings and perspectives
Influenced by radical and modern art movements resulting in the proliferation and installation of experimental art.
Private companies host annual art competitions playing an important role in encouraging emerging artists to create and produce their works

Art Promotion and Preservation

Art...

Is a national heritage that is essential in building the nation and ensuring democracy
Reminds people of the origins, history, struggles and triumphs of the nation.
Gives citizens consciousness and sense of pride of their cultural heritage that is necessary in becoming active agents in nation building

NCCA

overall policy making body, coordinating, and grants giving agency for the preservation, development, and promotion of Philippine arts and culture

Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) (Sentrong Pangkultura ng Pilipinas)

premier venue in the country for culture and the arts
hosted numerous shows and exhibitions on both performance and visual arts responsible for bringing together the different arts from various regions to the entire country and the whole world

CCP Resident Companies

National Music Competition for Young Artists Foundation (NAMCYA)
Philippine Ballet Theater
Ballet Philippines (BP)
Philippine Madrigal Singers
Tanghalang Pilipino (TP)
UST Symphony Orchestra
Bayanihan Philippine National Folk Dance Company
Ramon Obusan Folkloric Group

National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP)

GOAL: Filipinos may have awareness and appreciation of the noble deeds and ideals our heroes and other illustrious Filipinos, to instill pride in the Filipino race and to rekindle the Filipino spirit through the lessons of history

National Museum (Pambansang Museo ng Pilipinas)

"Makilala at mapalago ang mayamang kulturang nakagiman, Upang kapayapaan at pagkakaisa ay makamtan."
The country's repository of archaeological artifacts, national treasures, and rare specimens found and produced in the country
MAIN TASK: to solicit, document, preserve. exhibit, and promote the natural and artificial wonders of the Philippines
Also responsible for putting up a network of museums around the country to serve as a local destination of the diverse natural and cultural heritage of the country

The National Museum of Fine Arts

is home to 29 galleries and hallway exhibitions comprising of 19th century Filipino masters, National Artists, leading modern painters, sculptors, and printmakers

The National Museum of Anthropology

stages the Philippine ethnographic and terrestrial and underwater archaeological collections narrating the story of the Philippines from the past, as presented through artifacts as evidences of its pre-history.

The National Museum of Natural History

houses 12 permanent galleries that exhibit the rich biological and geological diversity of the Philippines. t includes creatively curated displays of botanical, zoological, and geological specimens that represent our unique natural history.

The National Planetarium

was established to disseminate astronomical information through various platforms and technology, such as full-dome digital and mobile planetarium shows, lectures, demonstrations, exhibitions, and actual celestial observations.

National Library of the Philippines (NLP) (Pambansang Aklatan ng Pilipinas)

was called the American Circulating Library (1901), to serve as memorial to American servicemen who died in Philippine soil
MANDATE: serving as a repository of the printed and recorded cultural heritage of the country and other intellectual literary and information services and providing access to these resources for our people's intellectual growth, citizenship building, lifelong learning and enlightenment
home of: Acta de la Proclamacion de la Independencia del Pueblo Filipino, and the manuscript of the trial of Andres Bonifacio

National Archives of the Philippines (NAP)

The history of the national Archives goes back to the Treaty of Paris in 1898, which stipulated the relinquishment or cession of documents from Spanish to American authorities and provided for the preservation of documents.
Today, it is the guardian to over 400 documents from the Spanish era dating 1552-1900 and various records from the American period to the Republic.

Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF)

The KWF or the Commission on the Filipino Language was created via Republic Act No 7104: "Congress shall establish a national language commission composed of representatives of various regions and disciplines which shall undertake, coordinate and promote researches for the development, propagation, and preservation of Filipino and other Philippine languages."
To promote and develop our national language, the KWF has annually given the Talaang Ginto: Makata ng Taon for Filipino poetry. Aklat ng Bayan, and other grants or programs on fundings, awards and projects.

National Artist Award

Contemporary Filipino Artists have a responsibility to create art that would enlighten the Filipino people of the current conditions of the society.

The National Artist Award

a great honor given to the Filipinowhose life and works have contributed to the advancement of the country's arts and letters.

Presidential Proclamation No. 1001 s. 1972

created and established the Award and Decoration of National Artist
enabled the government to give appropriate recognition and prestige to Filipinos who have distinguished themselves and made outstanding contributions to Philippine arts and letters

The National Artist Award is given to an artist who embodies the nation's highest ideals in the humanities and aesthetic expression through the distinct achievements of individual citizens. (NCCA)

Categories of National Artists

Music

singing, composition, direction, and/or performance:

Dance

choreography, direction and/or performance

Theater

direction, performance and/or production design

Visual Arts

painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, Installation art, mixed media works, illustration, graphic arts, performance art and/or imaging:

Literature

poetry, fiction, essay, playwriting. Journalism and/or literary criticism:

Film and Broadcasting/Broadcast Arts

direction, writing, production design. cinematography, editing, camera work, and/or performance

Architecture, Design and Allied Arts

architecture design, interior design, Industrial arts design, landscape architecture and fashion design.

Fashion Design

Category created when Ramon Valera was nominated but was subsumed under "Architecture, Design, and Allied Arts."

National Artist for Historical Literature

Category created by President Fidel V. Ramos to confer Carlos Quirino

Qualifications and Criteria of National Artists

Filipino Citizenship

Living artists who are Filipino citizens at the time of nomination, as well as those who died after the establishment of the award in 1972 but were Filipino citizens at the time of their death

Contributed Works

Artists who have helped. build a Filipino sense of nationhood through the content and form of their works

Distinction

Artists who have distinguished themselves by pioneering in a mode of creative expression or style, making an impact on succeeding generations of artists

Excellency:

Artists who have created a significant body of works and/or have consistently displayed excellence in the practice of their art form, recognition, enriching artistic expression or style

Reverence:

Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through
prestigious national and/or international awards in prestigious national and/or international events, critical acclaim and/or reviews of their works, and/or respect and esteem from peers within an artistic discipline

Process of Nomination and Conferment

What does the award give?

Rank and title of national artist, as proclaimed by the president of the Philippines
National Artist gold-plated medallion minted by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) and Citation

Lifetime emolument and material and physical benefits comparable in value to those received by the highest officers of the land such as the following

P200,000.00 cash award net of taxes (living awardees)
P150,000.00 cash award net of taxes (posthumous awardees, payable to legal heirs)
P30,000.00 lifetime monthly stipend
Life Insurance coverage for awardees who are still insurable
state funeral benefit not exceeding P 600,000.00
place of honor, in line with protocolar precedence, in state functions, national commemoration ceremonies, and all other cultural presentations
Grand Collar adorned by circular links representing the arts. The main medallion commemorates the sun and the colors of the Philippine flag. The highly stylized three letter Ks stand for "katotohanan, kabutihan, at kagandahan" (the true, the good, and the beautiful)

Babaylan

the early healers, used chants to please the supernatural beings or spirits to bestow good health and fortune in the home and the fields.

The Philippines has an immense literary tradition that reflects the country's history.
Long before the arrival of Western influence, early Filipinos already have stories to tell to younger generations. The Philippines has a rich collection of fables, legends, and myths from different regions.

When the Spaniards came in the 16th century, they introduced Christianity to the islands and used literature to colonize the country.
During the time of the Americans, English was introduced and Filipinos have grown adept in the usage of the language.

Philippine literature is diverse, although some of the most famous literary works focus on the country's postcolonial heritage, politics, and modern traditions.

Filipinos must recognize and give importance to the people behind the development of Philippine literature.

National Artists for Literature

Amado V. Hernandez

1903-1970 Conferred: 1973
known for his disapproval of social injustices in the country
imprisoned for his participation in the communist movement
writers are "the conscience of the society and affirms the greatness of the human spirit in the face of inequity and oppression"
Mga Ibong Mandaragit (imprisoned)
Bayang Malaya: Isang Dipang Langit: Luha ng Buwaya: Tudla at Tudling: Katipunan ng mga Nalathalang Tula 1921-1970: Langaw sa isang Basong Gatas at Iba Pang Kwento: Magkabilang Mukha ng Isang Bagal at Iba Pang Akda
married to Atang de la Rama

Jose Garcia Villa

1908-1997 Conferred: 1973
inventor of Comma Poems
Footnote to Youth: Tales Philippines and Others, 1993
Doveglion: Collected Poems
Poems 55
Poems in Praise of Love: The Best Love Poems of Jose Garcia Villa
Doveglion (pseudonym)

Nick Joaquin

1917-2004 Conferred: 1976
People's Writer
pioneer of Literary Journalism
The Sorrows of Vaudeville, 1937
Sunday Tribune Magazine
The Woman Who Had Two Navels A Portrait of Artist as Filipino: An
Elegy in Three Scenes Manila, My Manila: A History for the Young
The Ballad of the Five Battles
Quijano de Manila (pen name)

Carlos P. Romulo

1898-1985 Conferred: 1982
envoy, statesman, correspondent, writer, soldier,
founder of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines
only Asian awarded a Pulitzer Prize in Journalism
The United (novel)
I Walked with Heroes (autobiography)
war-time memoirs: Saw the Fall of the Philippines, Mother America, I See the Philippines Rise

Francisco Arcellana

1916-2002 Conferred: 1990
pioneer of modern short stories in English
lyrical prose-poetic form
Death in a Factory
A Clown Remembers
Divided by Two
The Other Woman
To Touch You
I Touched Her

N.V.M. Gonzales

1915-1999 Conferred: 1997
Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzalez
Stanford University and Columbia
University
famed poet, short story writer,
essayist, professor
The Winds of April, 1941
A Season of Grace, 1956
The Bamboo Dancers, 1988

Carlos L. Quirino

1910-1999 Conferred: 1997
talented biographers
first recognized as National Artist in Historical Literature
University of Wisconsin, 1931
Man of Destiny, 1935, Manuel L. Quezon Biography
assistant to Elpidio Quirino

Edith L. Tiempo

1919-2011 Conferred: 1999
The Black Monkey, Carlos Palanca Memorial Award
A Blade of Fern, 1978
The Tracks of Babylon and Other Poems, 1966
The Charmer's Box and Other Poems, 1993
wife of Edilberto K. Tiempo
founder of Siliman UniversityWriters Workshop, Dumaguete