EMT test prep 2

Pulmonary Emphysema

long term lung condition that permanently damages the alveoli causing shortness of breath

Acute Coronary Syndrome

unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction

Crushing chest pains

Pallor

Rapid, weak pulse

A 12 lead ECG can detect

a blocked coronary artery

Pancreatitis symptoms

pain on both quadrants that radiates to the back

Esophagitis symptoms

heartburn

pain with swallowing

Cholecystitis

right upper quadrant pain with referred pain to the right shoulder

symptoms occur shortly after a meal

Vomiting

Jaundice

referred pain

when you experience pain in a part of your body that is different from the actual source of the pain or injury

appendicitis

nausea, vomiting, fever

pain located around the umbilical area and radiates to the lower right abdominal quadrant

classic heatstroke

hot, poorly ventilated space for a prolonged period of time

exertional heatstroke

wet skin

compensated shock definition

blood pressure is maintained and mental status is adequate

compensated shock symptoms

delayed capillary refill time (>2 seconds)

weak peripheral pulses

pallor

tachycardia and tachypnea

decompensated shock

blood pressure falls

central pulses become weak

mental status begins to deteriorate

the normal process of respiration involves

the diaphragm contracts and descends

the intercostal muscles contract increasing the horizontal dimensions of the chest

combined, the two processes decrease intrathoracic pressure causing air to rush in in negative pressure ventilation

chronic respiratory disease symptom

barrel-shaped chest

acute respiratory disease

accessory muscle use

altered mental status

cardiogenic shock is when

the heart fails as a pump

cardiogenic shock diseases

Congestive Heart Failure

Myocardial Infarction

acute myocardial infarction

when blood flow to the heart is severely reduced or completely blocked, preventing the heart from getting enough oxygen

the most common cause of a myocardial infarction is

coronary artery disease (CAD) where fatty, cholesterol containing deposits called plaques build up inside the coronary arteries which supplies blood to the heart. over time, the plaques can rupture and a blood clot forms at the site of the rupture. the blood clot blocks the coronary artery cutting off the blood supply to the part of the heart downstream from the blockage.

infarction meaning

tissue death (necrosis)

congestive heart failure

a chronic condition where the heart muscle is weakened to the point where it can no longer pump blood efficiently to meet the body’s needs. impaired pumping ability leads to insufficient blood flow to the body and fluid backup.

obstructive shock

stopping the blood flow

obstructive shock conditions

pulmonary embolism

pneumothorax

cardiac tamponade

pulmonary embolism

blood clot blocks a lung artery

pulmonary embolism symptoms

acute onset of pleuritic (sharp) chest pain

difficulty breathing

cyanosis

tension pneumothorax

air builds up in the pleural space which is the space between two pleura held together by the negative pressure and pleural fluid. it is caused by a defect like a tear in the lung that acts as a one way valve and air enters the pleural space during inspiration but gets trapped and cannot exit during expiration. progressive pressure buildup occurs.

pneumothorax

collapsed lung caused by air in the pleural space pushing on the lung causing it to collapse

tension pneumothorax symptoms

stabbing or pleuritic/sharp pain

OPQRST Onset

“what were you doing when the symptoms began?”

OPQRST Provocation/palliation

“does anything make the symptoms better or worse?”

OPQRST Quality

“what does the symptom feel like?”

OPQRST Region/radiation

“where do you feel the symptom? Does it move anywhere?”

OPQRST Severity

“on a scale of zero to ten, how would you rate your symptom?”

OPQRST Timing

“when did the symptom start? How long has it been occurring? Has it been constant or does it come and go?”

Which of the following are contraindications for using a supraglottic airway such as King LT or LMA?

The pt has a gag reflex

The pt has a known esophageal disease

In a mass shooting event, what does THREAT stand for

Threat suppression

Hemorrhage control

Rapid Extrication to safety

Assessment by medical providers

Transport to definitive care

Pneumonia symptoms

Pleuritic chest pain

Productive cough with purulent sputum

High fever

Acute Bronchitis symptoms

Low-grade fever

Wheezing

Rhonchi

Risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome

Low birth weight

Maternal smoking during pregnancy or after birth

Maternal age younger than 20 years

Max suction time for adults vs infants

For all 15s

Which of the following fractures is the most serious?

Pelvic fracture

Which areas are assessed in the rapid exam (60-90s?)

Head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, extremities, and back

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Blood glucose levels are lower

More common in Type I diabetes

Ketones are typically present

Kussmaul respirations

Fruity breath odor

Warm, dry skin

Intense thirst

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state

More common in Type II Diabetes

Higher blood glucose levels

Red or immediate victims

RR <10 or >30 OR

HR >100 OR

Altered mental status

Which of the following can be a cause of upper GI bleeding?

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Esophageal varices

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

Partial tearing of the esophagus

If emergency care is given without consent, which of the following charges may apply?

Battery (unlawful touching of another person)