Hypertension During Pregnancy

A set of practice flashcards covering hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, and chronic hypertension based on lecture material.

What was gestational hypertension formerly known as?

Pregnancy induced hypertension

At what gestational threshold does blood pressure elevation occur in gestational hypertension?

After $20\text{ weeks}$ of pregnancy

Is gestational hypertension accompanied by proteinuria?

No, gestational hypertension is not accompanied by proteinuria.

How long must hypertension persist after birth to be diagnosed as chronic hypertension rather than gestational hypertension?

More than $6\text{ weeks}$ after the birth

What is the underlying pathophysiology of preeclampsia?

Generalized vasospasm decreases circulation to all organs of the body, including the placenta, liver, kidneys, and brain.

What blood pressure thresholds define preeclampsia?

A systolic blood pressure greater than $140\text{ mm Hg}$ or a diastolic blood pressure greater than $90\text{ mm Hg}$.

Which maternal age group is listed as a risk factor for pregnancy-related hypertension?

Age greater than $35\text{ years}$

What interventions are included in home care for mild preeclampsia?

Activity restrictions, monitoring of fetal activity, blood pressure monitoring, weight measurement, urinalysis for protein, diet without salt, and fetal assessment.

How is eclampsia defined?

The progression of preeclampsia to generalized seizures.

Which medication is used to prevent seizures in preeclampsia?

Magnesium sulfate

Which clinical sign precedes respiratory depression when monitoring magnesium sulfate therapy?

Hyporeflexia

What does the acronym HELLP stand for?

Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets

What causes hemolysis in HELLP syndrome?

Fragmentation and distortion of erythrocytes during passage through damaged blood vessels.

Why do liver enzyme levels increase in HELLP syndrome?

Hepatic blood flow is obstructed by fibrin deposits.

What causes low platelet levels in HELLP syndrome?

Vascular damage resulting from vasospasm.

Where is pain characteristically located in HELLP syndrome?

Right upper quadrant

How is chronic hypertension in pregnancy defined?

Hypertension that preceded the pregnancy or was diagnosed at less than $20\text{ weeks}$' gestation.

At what diastolic blood pressure threshold should antihypertensive medication be initiated in pregnant women with chronic hypertension?

Higher than $100\text{ mm Hg}$