A and P Final Exam Ch 11

5.0(1)
studied byStudied by 24 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/42

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

43 Terms

1
New cards

Nervous system function

Directs voluntary movement, seat of consciousness, personality, learning, and memory, regulates many aspects of homeostasis, vitals, sleep/wake cycle

2
New cards

Sensory input

Gathering information

3
New cards

Integration

Interpretation

4
New cards

Motor output

Response

5
New cards

Afferent

PNS - sensory input

6
New cards

Efferent

PNS - motor output

7
New cards

CNS contains

Brain and spinal cord

8
New cards

PNS contains

Nerves

9
New cards

Brain

Billions of nerve cells (neurons); protected by bones of skull

10
New cards

Spinal cord

Begins at foramen magnum; contains vertebral foramina of first cervical to first or second lumbar vertebra

11
New cards

PNS

All nerves in body outside protection of skull and vertebral column

12
New cards

Nerves

Axons of neurons bundled together with blood vessels and connective tissue; carry signals to and from CNS; classified by origin and destination

13
New cards

Cranial nerves

12 pairs of nerves traveling to or from brain

14
New cards

Spinal nerves

1 pair of nerves traveling to or from spinal cord

15
New cards

Cytoskeleton

Microtubules; structural support and chemical transportation between cell body and axon

16
New cards

Neurofibrils

Intermediate filaments of cytoskeleton; structural support extending into neuron processes

17
New cards

Axon hillock

Where axon originates from cell body

18
New cards

Axon collaterals

Branches extending from main axon

19
New cards

Telodendria

Small branches arising from axon and axon collaterals near where extensions end

20
New cards

Axon terminals

Arise from telodendria; components that communicate with target cell

21
New cards

Axolemma

Plasma membrane surrounding axon and its cytoplasm

22
New cards

Slow axonal transport

Transports substances from cell body through axon; rate of 1-3 mm/day

23
New cards

Fast axonal transport

Requires motor proteins and consumes ATP; vesicles and membrane-bound organelles travel back toward or away from the cell body; 200-400 mm/day

24
New cards

Receptive region of axon

Dendrites and cell body

25
New cards

Conducting region

Axon

26
New cards

Secretory region

Axon terminal

27
New cards

CNS cell bodies vs bundles of axons

Groups of neuron cell bodies are called nuclei, bundles of axons are called tracts

28
New cards

PNS cell bodies vs bundles of axons

Groups of neuron cell bodies are called ganglia, bundles of axons are called nerves

29
New cards

Sensory (afferent neurons)

Carry information towards the CNS; neuron cell bodies in PNS receive information from sensory receptors and relay information via axons to brain or spinal cord; usually pseudo unipolar or bipolar

30
New cards

Interneurons (associations) neurons

Relay information within the CNS between sensory and motor neurons; most neurons in the body; multipolar; communicate with many other neurons

31
New cards

Motor (efferent) neurons

Carry information away from cell body in CNS to muscles and glands; mostly multipolar

32
New cards

Schwann cells

Myelination in the PNS

33
New cards

Satellite cells

Flat cells that surround and support cell bodies

34
New cards

Neuroglia

Supportive roles for neurons, can divide and replace areas of damage, four different types in CNS

35
New cards

Astrocytes

Star-shaped cells that provide structural support by anchoring neurons and blood vessels, connected to other astrocytes by gap junctions, clean up excess K and neurotransmitters, facilitate blood brain barrier

36
New cards

Brain cancer

Most brain cancers arise from mutated neuroglial cells called gliomas

37
New cards

Microglia

Immune cells in the CNS, activated by injury and phagocytic cells, smallest glial cell

38
New cards

Ependymal cells

Line cavities, cilia circulate fluid around the brain and spinal cord, some cells secrete cerebrospinal fluid

39
New cards

Oligodendrocyte cells

Send out arms that wrap around the axons of multiple neurons, cells generate myelin sheath in the CNS

40
New cards

Cerebrum function

Structure responsible for higher mental functions, interprets sensory stimuli, plans and initiates movement

41
New cards

Diencephalon function

Processes, integrates, and relays information, maintains homeostasis, regulates biological rhythems

42
New cards

Cerebellum function

Monitors and coordinates movement

43
New cards

Brain stem function

Maintains homeostasis, controls certain reflexes, monitors movement, integrates and relays information