Ch. 2 Intro to Health Professions

Healthcare Services

Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Preventive services provided in the healthcare industry.

Providers of Healthcare Services

Hospitals, clinics, government and volunteer agencies, pharmaceutical and medical equipment manufacturers, and private insurance companies.

Job Percentages in Healthcare

Hospitals (39%), Offices of Health Practitioners (26%), Nursing and Other Residential Facilities (20%).

US Healthcare Access

Consumers obtain healthcare by choosing their doctor, clinic, or hospital.

Canada’s Health Insurance

Each province or territory has its own unique health insurance plan.

UK Health Insurance

Funded by general taxation, emphasizing preventative community services and coordination of care.

US Direct Health Services

TRICARE, CHAMPVA, and Indian Health Service (IHS).

Medicare vs

Medicare provides individual health care for the elderly; Medicaid provides health care for low-income uninsured individuals.

Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

Federal agency that funds loans and scholarships for health profession students.

Types of Healthcare Services

Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment, Rehabilitation, Chronic Care.

Medical Care Settings

Offices of health practitioners, nursing and residential facilities, home health services, outpatient clinics, and hospitals.

Public Health Settings

Community-based organizations, including voluntary organizations and government-supported entities.

Diagnosis and Treatment Locations

Physicians' offices, ambulatory care centers, and outpatient clinics.

Freestanding Immediate Care Clinics

Staffed by physicians or nurse practitioners/physician assistants in pharmacies.

Rehabilitation Service Providers

Physical therapists and occupational therapists.

Community-Based Agencies

Federally supported health centers, adult daycare centers, home health agencies, and support groups.

Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC)

Provide primary and preventive care for medically underserved populations.

Health Professionals at FQHC

Physicians, physician assistants, nurses, nurse practitioners, midwives, social workers, and health educators.

Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH)

Model where primary care providers coordinate patient care for culturally appropriate services.

Achievements of PCMH

Strong patient outcomes and reduced emergency room visits, leading to cost savings.

Privately Funded Free Medical Clinics (FMCs)

Non-profit organizations providing low-cost healthcare for low-income individuals.

FMC Financial Support

Funded by hospitals, medical associations, community organizations, and fundraising.

FMC Staffing

Volunteer health professionals and non-licensed medical personnel.

Health Insurance Ineligibility

Reasons include immigration status or high income.

Hospitals' Additional Roles

Train health personnel, conduct research, and disseminate health information.

Hospitals' Employment Percentage

Hospitals employ 40% of health personnel in the US.

Forces Affecting Hospital Development

Advances in medical science, education, and nursing profession transformation.

Impact on Hospitals

Growth of health insurance and government involvement in the hospital industry.

Private Hospital Ownership

Owned by churches, businesses, corporations, and physicians.

Public Hospital Ownership

Owned and financed by government agencies.

Voluntary Hospitals

Owned and operated by church communities.

Proprietary Hospitals

Operated for financial benefit by individuals or corporations.

Community Hospitals

Specialty hospitals treating specific health problems.

Hospital System Definition

More than one hospital managed by a single organization.

Federal Government Hospital Agencies

Veterans Administration (VA), TRICARE, and Indian Health Services (IHS).

TRICARE

Managed healthcare program for military members and their families.

Ambulatory Care

Care provided outside institutional settings.

Familiar Ambulatory Care

Single office practitioners or group practices in non-institutional clinics.

Principal Health Practitioners in Ambulatory Care

Physicians, nurses, dentists, and medical assistants.

Behavioral Health Disorders

Include substance abuse, eating disorders, and gambling addictions.

Behavioral Health Personnel

Psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and psychiatric nurses.

Informed Consent

Permission obtained from patients for certain medical actions or procedures.

Informed Consent Requirements

Must be obtained before invasive procedures or experimental treatments.

Important Informed Consent Factors

Patient competence, language clarity, risk description, voluntary participation, and benefits.

HHS Mission

Enhance and protect the health and wellbeing of all Americans.

HHS Responsibilities

Medicare, Medicaid, public health, biomedical research, and mental health services.

Public Health Service Functions

Collecting vital statistics, controlling diseases, ensuring food safety, and improving health education.

Health Statistics Reporting

Individual states report to the National Center for Health Statistics.

CDC Role

Compiles, analyzes, and reports disease prevalence data.

CDC Cooperation

Works with infectious disease specialists globally to track outbreaks and develop treatments.