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Healthcare Services
Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Preventive services provided in the healthcare industry.
Providers of Healthcare Services
Hospitals, clinics, government and volunteer agencies, pharmaceutical and medical equipment manufacturers, and private insurance companies.
Job Percentages in Healthcare
Hospitals (39%), Offices of Health Practitioners (26%), Nursing and Other Residential Facilities (20%).
US Healthcare Access
Consumers obtain healthcare by choosing their doctor, clinic, or hospital.
Canada’s Health Insurance
Each province or territory has its own unique health insurance plan.
UK Health Insurance
Funded by general taxation, emphasizing preventative community services and coordination of care.
US Direct Health Services
TRICARE, CHAMPVA, and Indian Health Service (IHS).
Medicare vs
Medicare provides individual health care for the elderly; Medicaid provides health care for low-income uninsured individuals.
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
Federal agency that funds loans and scholarships for health profession students.
Types of Healthcare Services
Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment, Rehabilitation, Chronic Care.
Medical Care Settings
Offices of health practitioners, nursing and residential facilities, home health services, outpatient clinics, and hospitals.
Public Health Settings
Community-based organizations, including voluntary organizations and government-supported entities.
Diagnosis and Treatment Locations
Physicians' offices, ambulatory care centers, and outpatient clinics.
Freestanding Immediate Care Clinics
Staffed by physicians or nurse practitioners/physician assistants in pharmacies.
Rehabilitation Service Providers
Physical therapists and occupational therapists.
Community-Based Agencies
Federally supported health centers, adult daycare centers, home health agencies, and support groups.
Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC)
Provide primary and preventive care for medically underserved populations.
Health Professionals at FQHC
Physicians, physician assistants, nurses, nurse practitioners, midwives, social workers, and health educators.
Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH)
Model where primary care providers coordinate patient care for culturally appropriate services.
Achievements of PCMH
Strong patient outcomes and reduced emergency room visits, leading to cost savings.
Privately Funded Free Medical Clinics (FMCs)
Non-profit organizations providing low-cost healthcare for low-income individuals.
FMC Financial Support
Funded by hospitals, medical associations, community organizations, and fundraising.
FMC Staffing
Volunteer health professionals and non-licensed medical personnel.
Health Insurance Ineligibility
Reasons include immigration status or high income.
Hospitals' Additional Roles
Train health personnel, conduct research, and disseminate health information.
Hospitals' Employment Percentage
Hospitals employ 40% of health personnel in the US.
Forces Affecting Hospital Development
Advances in medical science, education, and nursing profession transformation.
Impact on Hospitals
Growth of health insurance and government involvement in the hospital industry.
Private Hospital Ownership
Owned by churches, businesses, corporations, and physicians.
Public Hospital Ownership
Owned and financed by government agencies.
Voluntary Hospitals
Owned and operated by church communities.
Proprietary Hospitals
Operated for financial benefit by individuals or corporations.
Community Hospitals
Specialty hospitals treating specific health problems.
Hospital System Definition
More than one hospital managed by a single organization.
Federal Government Hospital Agencies
Veterans Administration (VA), TRICARE, and Indian Health Services (IHS).
TRICARE
Managed healthcare program for military members and their families.
Ambulatory Care
Care provided outside institutional settings.
Familiar Ambulatory Care
Single office practitioners or group practices in non-institutional clinics.
Principal Health Practitioners in Ambulatory Care
Physicians, nurses, dentists, and medical assistants.
Behavioral Health Disorders
Include substance abuse, eating disorders, and gambling addictions.
Behavioral Health Personnel
Psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and psychiatric nurses.
Informed Consent
Permission obtained from patients for certain medical actions or procedures.
Informed Consent Requirements
Must be obtained before invasive procedures or experimental treatments.
Important Informed Consent Factors
Patient competence, language clarity, risk description, voluntary participation, and benefits.
HHS Mission
Enhance and protect the health and wellbeing of all Americans.
HHS Responsibilities
Medicare, Medicaid, public health, biomedical research, and mental health services.
Public Health Service Functions
Collecting vital statistics, controlling diseases, ensuring food safety, and improving health education.
Health Statistics Reporting
Individual states report to the National Center for Health Statistics.
CDC Role
Compiles, analyzes, and reports disease prevalence data.
CDC Cooperation
Works with infectious disease specialists globally to track outbreaks and develop treatments.
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