unit 1 bio ecp quiz

what is cell theory

the basics of life. All organisms are composed of cells. all cells come from pre-existing cells. the cell is the smallest organisational living unit 

biogenesis

the principle that living organisms arise only from other living organisms, and it is the process of creating new life forms

prokaryotes

Prokaryotes are unicellular (consisting of a single cell) organisms, found in all environments

Consist of Bacteria and Archaea

prokaryotes characteristics

No nuclear membrane (genetic material present as a single circular DNA molecule)

No membrane-bound organelles

Simple internal structure

Most primitive type of cell (appeared about four billion years ago)

they have a plasma membrane surrounded by a cell wall

eukaryotes

Eukaryotes consist of multicellular organisms (protists, fungi, plants, and animals) and some unicellular organisms (amoeba, algae, and yeast)

Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes

eukaryotes characteristics

The nuclear membrane surrounding genetic material

Numerous membrane-bound organelles

Complex internal structure

Appeared approximately one billion years ago

nucleus structure 

double membrane , contains DNA , RNA , 

nucleus function

contains genetic information that controls all the functions of the cell.

rough endoplasmic reticulum structure 

a network of flattened, membrane-bound sacs called cisternae

rough endoplasmic reticulum function

processes and modifies proteins

what cells do and dont contain a cell wall 

animal cells dont contain a cell wall , bacteria , plant , and fungi cells do 

Describe the main difference between plasma membranes and the membranes of the prokaryotes called archaea.

Archaea have membranes made of different lipids — their lipids are linked by ether bonds, while normal plasma membranes have ester bonds.
This makes archaeal membranes stronger and better for surviving extreme conditions.

which organelles have the function of synthesis and processing of proteins and lipids 

nucleus , ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum , golgi apparatus, lysome , smooth endoplasmic reticulum

which organellles have the function of energy transformations

mitochondrion , and choloroplast

which organelles have the function of storage and cell structure

centriole , flagellum , vacuole , and cell wall

ribsome structure

non membrane organelles - made of proteins and RNA

ribosome function

synthesis proteins

golgi apparatus structure

Multi-layered structure composed of stacks of membrane-lined channels – Cisternae

golgi apparatus function

processes and packages proteins

lysosome structure

membrane bound - vesicle containing digestive enzymes

lysosome function

digests cellular waste material and foreign matter

smooth endoplasmic reticulum structure

System of membrane-enclosed flattened channels connected to nuclear membrane

smooth endoplasmic reticulum function

synthesis lipids

Mitochondria structure

bound by a double membrane . inner membrane highly folded

mitochondria function

Involved in Aerobic Respiration. obtains energy from organic compounds 

chloroplast structure 

contains its own dna molecule. Relatively large organelle found only in PLANT cells

chloroplast function

responsible for photosynthesis

centriole function

involved in cell division, and the formation of cell structures 

centriole structure

small structure in the cytoplasm , consisting of microtubules

Flagella and Cilia structure 

Hair like structures on the surface of a cell

Contain microtubules

Flagella and Cilia function 

Involved in the movement of cells

Vacuoles structure

Membrane bound liquid filled sacs

vacuoles function

stores water and nutrients

Cytoskeleton structure

Microtubules, Microfilaments

Cytoskeleton function

provides structural support, maintains cell shape

cell wall structure

Lies outside the cell surrounding the plasma membrane , - made of cellulose                                                 

cell wall function

cell structure and support , allows the passage of water, oxygen and carbon dioxide

where the DNA is contained in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

In eukaryotic cells, DNA is contained within a membrane-bound nucleus and also in mitochondria . In prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, DNA is located freely in the cytoplasm within a region called the nucleoid

difference between plant and animal cells 

Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, but dont have a lysosome animal cells lack a cell wall, do not have chloroplasts but do have a lysosome

prokaryote dna structure

single circular chromosome

eukaryotic dna structure

a long, linear double helix