Electrical Engineering Exam Review

Vocabulary flashcards for exam preparation.

Nyquist Stability Criterion

A stability criterion in control systems that determines the stability of the closed-loop system.

Gate Terminal

To regulate the output current of the FET

High input resistance

Advantage of a FET over a BJT

Purpose of a biasing circuit in a transistor

To establish the operating point of the transistor

Purpose of a decoder in digital circuits

To convert a coded input into a corresponding output

Transformer

A component used to step up or step down the voltage in a transformer

Refractive Index

The ratio of the speed of electromagnetic waves in a medium to their speed in a vacuum

Electromagnetic Induction

The process of generating an electric current in a circuit by varying the magnetic field.

Electromagnetic phenomenon that allows wireless power transfer

Inductive Coupling

Gamma Rays

Cancer treatment

Disinfection

Ultraviolet

X-Rays

Medical Imaging

Radio Waves

Broadcasting

Ampere's Law

The phenomenon where a current-carrying conductor creates a magnetic field around it.

X-Rays

Type of electromagnetic wave used for medical imaging

Transverse and longitudinal waves

Two fundamental types of electromagnetic waves

Diffraction

Bending of waves around obstacles

Refraction

Bending of waves at the boundary between two media

Reflection

Bouncing back of waves from a surface

Absorption

Transfer of energy from waves to matter

Bus in microprocessors and microcontrollers

A communication pathway for data and control signals

Purpose of an interrupt in microprocessors and microcontrollers

To temporarily suspend the normal program execution and handle a specific event

Serial Communication Interface (UART)

Example of an input/output peripheral in microcontrollers

90 degrees

Phase difference between voltage and current in a pure inductive circuit

Flash memory

Memory commonly used for code storage in microcontrollers

I2C

Commonly used communication protocol in microcontrollers

C

Programming language commonly used to program microcontrollers

Commonly used sensor in microcontroller-based systems

Proximity Sensor

Resonance in an RLC circuit

When the inductive and capacitive reactance cancel each other out

Code Segment

Register that defines the starting address of the section of memory holding code

Addressing mode that moves a byte or word between a register and a memory location addressed by an index register, base register plus a displacement

Base relative plus index

Replacing a voltage source in series with a resistor by a current source in parallel with the same resistor, or vice versa

Source transformation in circuit analysis

What happens to the reactance of a capacitor as the frequency increases

Decreases

How a varactor is usually configured

Reverse-biased

Increases

When the light increases, the reverse minority carrier current in a photodiode

Characteristic of Asynchronous Sequential Logic

The outputs change immediately in response to any input change

Primary role of a flip-flop in sequential logic circuits

To store and synchronize binary data

Series Clipper

Half-wave rectifier example

To maintain a constant output voltage irrespective of input voltage variations

Primary function of a voltage regulator circuit

Output frequency of a bridge rectifier if line frequency is 60 Hz

120 Hz

Example of an active transducer

Piezoelectric sensor

USB (Universal Serial Bus)

Example of a commonly used interface circuit

Effect of adding an inductor in series with a resistor in an AC circuit

Increases the impedance

Key characteristic of Finite State Machines (FSMs)

They can be used to model systems with discrete states and transitions

X= (A OR B) AND (A OR C)

Logic gate equivalent to the boolean expression: X = A OR (B AND C)?

Logic gate represented by the following truth table? | A | B |X||-|-|-||0|0|1||0|11| |1|0|0||1|1|1|

NOR gate

512

If three amplifiers with a gain of 8 each are in cascade, how much is the overall gain?

It provides high gain and improved input/output impedance

Benefit of using a cascode amplifier configuration?

Component commonly used to couple two amplifier stages together

Capacitor

The first stage of a preamp

Small signal

conducts current

When forward-biased, a diode

voltage equal to the barrier potential of the diode (0.7V for Si)

For a practical diode model, a forward biased diode is represented as

Anode is more positive than cathode.

A junction diode is said to be forward biased if

About oscillator circuits

They produce a continuous output waveform without any external input

Voltage gain is high, current gain is moderate, and phase shift is 180 degrees

Characteristic of a common-emitter configuration

is necessary in order to establish the proper region of operation for ac amplification.

dc biasing

class B

An amplifier that delivers an output signal of 180 degrees only.

An op-amp inverting amplifier uses a feedback resistor of 100 kilo ohms and input resistor of 10 kilo ohms. If the op-amp's input offset voltage is 2.0mV, approximate the amplifier output offset voltage due to this input offset voltage.

22mV

To stabilize the circuit and reduce distortion

Purpose of negative feedback in an operational amplifier circuit?

Regarding the slew rate of an operational amplifier?

It is the maximum rate of change of the amplifier output voltage

A commonly used communication protocol in building management systems?

BACnet

A commonly used type of occupancy sensor in building automation?

Passive infrared (PIR) sensor

Purpose of daylight harvesting in lighting control systems?

To optimize energy usage by adjusting artificial lighting based on natural light availability

True regarding the frequency response of a common emitter amplifier

The cutoff frequency is determined by the capacitor and resistor values in the amplifier

20 Hz to 20 kHz

An audio amplifier operates in the frequency range of

A commonly used type of occupancy sensor in building automation?

Passive infrared (PIR) sensor

inductive sensor

A proximity sensor that operates under the principle of Faradays Law of Inductance

Regarding the current mirror circuit?

It helps achieve improved accuracy and precision in current matching

In a current mirror circuit, what is the purpose of the emitter resistor?

To stabilize the current against temperature variations

To convert the circuit equations into algebraic equations in the frequency domain

When analyzing a complex linear circuit, what is the purpose of using Laplace transform?

Combinational circuits have output that is solely dependent on current inputs, while sequential circuits have output that depends on both current inputs and previous states

What is the difference between combinational and sequential logic circuits?

Null

In Boolean algebra, the expression X.X' = 0 represents what law?

Which logic gate is equivalent to the boolean expression: X = A OR (B AND C)?

X= (A OR B) AND (A OR C)

What is the Laplace transform used for in control systems?

Analysis of dynamic systems

Feedback control

Which control system technique is used to improve the transient response?

During the half-power frequencies, the current of a series RLC is of the current at resonance.

0.707

2.44 A

If 78 C of charge pass through an electric conductor in 32 seconds, determine the current (Amperes, A) in the conductor.

To represent a node with an unknown voltage

When analyzing circuits using nodal analysis, what is the purpose of a dummy node?

Two SCRS in parallel

The triac is equivalent to

No

Will a SCR turn-off when the voltage at the gate is removed?

10.7V

What is the peak voltage (Vp) if a PUT is connected to a gate supply of 10V?

The diac is a

Bidirectional device

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the UJT?

bilateral conduction

To represent the periodic signal as a sum of sinusoidal components

What is the purpose of using Fourier series in analyzing periodic signals in circuits?

At resonance, what is the total reactance of a series RLC circuit where R is 10 ohms, C is 3mF and L is 1mH?

0

0

37.5