FSC100 Exam

Dr. Alec Jeffreys

became the first person to make a breakthrough in DNA exclusion in 1984

True

humans inherit a genome of 23 chromosomes from each parent for a total of 46

destroyed

in canada, after voluntary DNA is used in an investigation, samples that do not lead to a conviction are ___________

CODIS (combined DNA index systems)

a software program; stores DNA profiles of convicted individuals

primary offences

in canada, sexual crimes and murder fall into the category of meaning a DNA sample of the convicted perpetrator is automatically added to the Convicted Offender Index

primary offences

offence in relation to sexual offences against children; sexually related offences; murder; attempt to commit murder

secondary offences

escape custody or assist escape; prisoner of war; indecent acts; assault police; break and entering; utter death threats

upon conviction, not arrest

when is DNA taken from offender

national academy of sciences (NAS) report

the realiability of DNA as a gold standard of forensic science was published in the 2009 _______________

STR Analysis

DNA typing method that examines smaller regions of repeated sequences, thus requiring less DNA, and being less time consuming

ACE-V (analysis, comparison, evaluation, verification)

identification process

ACE-V (analysis, comparison, evaluation, verification)

the progression from first awareness that one fingerprint should be compared to another consists of four steps

true

DNA is totally individualizing, except in identical twins (t or f)

nucleus

DNA can be extracted from any fluid that has a cell with a __________

bodily fluid deposition

serology techniques are used to screen evidence items for the presence and type of

the crime scene index (CSI)

the national DNA Databank is responsible for two indices: The Convicted Offender Index (COI) and the ___________________

cheek cells

in a buccal swab, DNA samples are extracted from

flourine

this is not a nitrogen-containing base of dna

thymine, guanine, cystosine

a nitrogen-containing base of dna

advanced ridgeology

defined as the study and uniqueness of friction ridge structures and formations

true

in canada, fingerprints are defined as both the friction skin pattern formation found on human skin, as well as the impression or mark left on a surface after having had contact with fingers (t or f)

ridges are persistent after death, allowing for ID during decomposition

what is not one of the four premises of friction ridge identification?

(1) ridges develop on the foetus, prior to birth

(2) ridge paths are unique and never repeated

(3) ridge patterns vary within limits, which allow for classification

four premises of friction ridge identification

false

volar skin is the name for non-friction skin that, unlike fingers, does not assist in the ability to hold items or provide traction

sir frances galton

in 1892, which cousin of charles darwin was responsible for the acceptance of the use of fingerprints

relief

what is not an attribute of friction-skin

sensitivity, purchase, thickness

what are attributes of friction-skin

rate of sweat (excessive sweating), dietary habits, age

what can affect the composition of fingerprint secretions

true

like dna, fingerprint patterns are inherited combinations derived from both parents (t or f)

false

like dna, identical twins have the same fingerprint patterns (t or f)

delta

what is not a basic fingerprint pattern type

whorl, loop, arch

basic fingerprint pattern types

3rd level

pore size, pore shape and edge shape are attributes of _____________ level of friction ridge detail

patent

visible fingerprints found at a crime scene are known as

negative impression

a fingerprint formed by the removal of material from the surface(i.e. dust) is called a ______________

ACE-V (analysis, comparison, evaluation, verification)

the acronym for fingerprinting examination, that ensures a reliable investigation

false

according to the definition of fingerprinting identification, if two partial fingerprints are non continuous, they can be joined together to make a sequence print (t or f)

random occurrences that change the original structure

Which of the following describes an 'individual' characteristic of shoeprints

(1) whether it is still in production or not

(2) how many years it was in production

(3) how many shoes were produced

Which variable will affect the 'sliding scale of probability' in footwear identification

the knaap method

What was the method, mentioned in class, for lifting a 2D footprint using fingerprint powder and dental stone

AFIS

Which software or database is not part of the automated shoe print identification system

false

According to the 2009 NAS report, ballistics were noted for being particularly consistent, with a high degree of certainty (t or f)

gold

According to the textbook, Vacuum Metal Deposition (VMD) can be used to develop fingerprints on polymer surfaces (like plastics bags) by coating them with

Quebec

Which is the only province with a civil criminal code

luminol

As stated in the textbook, the chemiluminescent reagent that reveals blood in a burst of light is called

Only when someone is found committing an indictable offense

When can a civilian make a 'citizen's arrest'

true

The Supreme Court of Canada hears appeals and holds trials (t or f)

file coordination

the 'Command Triangle' consists of major case management, primary investigation, and

leuco crystal violet

According to the textbook, which colourless blood reagent forms a dark purple product

(1) there are too many variables to be completely accurate

(2) the current success rates for identification are only roughly 50%

(3) the process of making a cast from a skull is labour intensive

What does the textbook note as a disadvantage to 3D facial reconstruction

the thief does not threaten violence

the act of theft would not be considered robbery if

videotapes depicting the crimes

In the case of Paul Bernardo and Karla Homolka, what evidence was stolen by Bernardo's lawyer

he fit the description of the scarborough rapist

Why was Paul Bernardo interviewed by police in 1990

her sister's virginity

What did Karla Homolka offer Paul Bernardo as a Christmas gift

His DNA took twenty-six months to be matched to the Scarborough Rapist

In what way was the police investigation of Paul Bernardo hindered

(1) The comparison of firearms to projectiles, bullets and cartridges found on a scene

(2) Individualizing and identification of bullets

(3) The analysis of the condition of a firearm and it's functioning capabilities

ballistics and firearm analysis refers to:

(1) violent crime linkage analysis system (ViCLAS)

(2) The centre of forensic sciences

(3) The DNA Data bank

Early recognition of serial crimes may be achieved through the following mechanisms:

true

The photography or videotaping of all homicide or crime scenes is the responsibility of the Forensic Identification Officer (t or f)

crime law

Canadian Law is divided into two sections- Common Law and:

true

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms states that all individuals have the right to be secure against an unreasonable or warrantless search or seizure by the government (t or f)

acts and regulations

The Justice Laws website is an online source of Canadian

(1) it is not written into legislation

(2) judges make decisions based on precedent

(3) judges can announce new legal doctrines or change old ones

For what reason is common law flexible, and adaptive to changing circumstances

true

The charge of culpable homicide (murder) has no statute of limitations, and can be applied any time after an incident occurs, as long as the death is a direct result of the incident (t or f)

family court

Which type of court encourages constructive, non-adversarial techniques to resolve issues, and provides access to support services

subpoena

An official order to appear in court and give evidence is called a ____________

the lieutenant governor

Which provincial government official gives royal assent for laws passed by provincial legislature

a bridge

What part of a road is included in the definition of a highway

true

The Legislature refers to the government body with the power to enact, amend, and repeal laws (t or f)

remedy

The means used by the law to correct injuries or enforce legal rights is known as ____________

the highway traffic act

The Ontario act introduced in 1923 to deal with increasing accidents, that also which regulates vehicle licensing and classifications of traffic offences is known as the __________________

adversarial system

The Canadian Judicial System is based on British Law. It is considered a _______________

false

The Crown Attorney is appointed by, and acts on behalf of the Prime Minister of Canada (t or f)

Establishes and maintains the daily court docket

In the Canadian Court system, which of the following is not a responsibility of the Judge

false

The Superior Court is always presided over by a Judge and Jury (t or f)

true

the superior court is always presided over by a judge, the presence of a jury varies (t or f)

(1) Summarizes the anticipated evidence of defence witnesses

(2) Summarizes the Crown evidence in narrative form

(3) Summarizes the list of Crown witnesses that are available

(4) Summarizes pre-judicial hearings

what is the purpose of the crown brief

Canadian Police Information Centre

CPIC is an acronym for ______________

true

A cautioned statement taken from the accused is disclosable by the Crown regardless of whether it is inculpatory or exculpatory (t or f)

legally sufficient on its face

During a preliminary hearing, the Crown must prove a prima fade case. What does this mean

(1) discussing their evidence with other potential witnesses

(2) entering the courtroom prior to giving their testimony

An exclusion of witnesses prohibits potential court witnesses from

Evidence in Chief, Cross Examination, Redirect

In the Criminal Courts, the normal order of presenting evidence is

Voir Dire hearing

During the video clip of "My Cousin Vinny" the defence witness (Ms. Vitto) was subject to what legal process before being able to testify

General automotive knowledge

During the video clip of "My Cousin Vinny" what area of subject matter expertise was Ms. Vitto qualified to give testimony

6 months

Summary Conviction Offences generally have a maximum incarceration (jail time) sentencing of

Accused agrees to restitution

Police Officers have authority to release an accused person (summary criminal offence) providing that certain conditions are satisfied. Which condition is not necessary

penile penetration

Dr. Chikmaglur Mohan was charged with multiple counts of sexual assault. Which of the following sexual activities was not alleged to have taken place

Relevance, Necessity, Absence of any exclusionary rule, properly qualified expert

Resulting from R. v. Mohan {1994), the admissibility of expert opinion evidence was determined by assessing which of the following

false

Testimony linking microscopic hair analysis with particular defendants is highly reliable (t or f)

true

Once an individual is designated as a Dangerous Offender, the court will impose a sentence that must ensure public safety. That individual can receive an indefinite sentence of imprisonment (t or f)

The effect of information or outside influences on the evaluation and interpretation of data

Contextual bias is defined as

The tendency to search for data or interpret information in a manner that supports one's perception

confirmation bias is defined as

when we lose our ability to be objective

At what point does confirmation bias occur

false

Dr. ltiel Dror conducted research in the United Kingdom regarding the fallibility of fingerprint examiners by having several experts re-examine {historical cases) fingerprints that they had correctly identified in the past. Examiners were provided information that could bias their decision making process. This was an example of confirmation bias (t or f)

Ethics Violation, Honest Errors, Biased Oversight

Three types of confirmation bias exist in Forensic Science. Which of the following most accurately describes them

true

Accepting that bias exists is a way to minimize its influence on the fingerprint examiner (t or f)

false

The Scottish Criminal Record Office (SCRO) was criticized for making a false identification in the Brandon Mayfield Case (t or f)

marion ross

Shirley McKie's thumbprint was falsely identified as having been in the residence of ____________________

lawyer

Brandon Mayfield's occupation at the time of his arrest was

a bag containing detonating devices

What item of evidence was Brandon Mayfield's fingerprint identified as having been on?

yorkville area

the murder of Lisa Ann Posluns occurred in what Toronto neighborhood