S3.2 Functional groups: Classification of organic compounds

What are the 5 types of formulas organic compounds can be represented in?

Empirical

Molecular

Structural (full and condensed)

Stereochemical

Skeletal

What is a functional group?

An atom or group of atoms that gives organic compounds their physical and chemical properties

What’s the different between an alkene and alkyne in terms of structure?

An alkyne has a C triple bond while alkene has C double bond

Which reactions do alkanes undergo?

Combustion

Free radical substitution

Which reactions do alkenes and alkynes undergo?

Combustion

Electrophilic addition

Which reactions do aldehyde undergo?

Oxidation (to form carboxylic acid)

Reduction (to form primary alcohols)

What is the functional group of aldehyde?

R-CHO (double C-O bind)

Which reactions do ketones undergo?

Reduction

What is the functional group of a ketone?

R-CO-R’ (double bond on C-O)

Which type of reactions do esters go through

They are formed between nucleophilic reactions between alcohols and carboxylic acids

What is the functional group of an ether?

R-O-R’

Which reactions do alcohols undergo?

Combustion

Oxidation

Nucleophilic substitution with carboxylic acid to form esters

Which types of reactions do carboxylic acids undergo?

Nucleophilic substitution with alcohols to form esters

Reduction

What is a homologous series?

A series of organic compounds of the same family which differ by a common structural unit (-CH2)

True or false: members of a homologous series have different chemical properties and the same physical properties

False. They have similar chemical properties and distinct physical properties

What is an isomer?

Molecules that share same molecular formula but different structural formula

Between branched chain isomers and straight chain, which has higher bp and why?

Straight chain

Branches prevent molecules from getting close tg, hence, weaker London forces→lower bp